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Test-Time Training (TTT) has recently emerged as a promising direction for efficient sequence modeling. TTT reformulates attention operation as an online learning problem, constructing a compact inner model from key-value pairs at test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongchen Han , Yining Li , Tianyu Li , Zixuan Cao , Ziming Wang , Jun Song , Yu Cheng , Bo Zheng , Gao Huang

We propose Vision Token Turing Machines (ViTTM), an efficient, low-latency, memory-augmented Vision Transformer (ViT). Our approach builds on Neural Turing Machines and Token Turing Machines, which were applied to NLP and sequential visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Purvish Jajal , Nick John Eliopoulos , Benjamin Shiue-Hal Chou , George K. Thiruvathukal , James C. Davis , Yung-Hsiang Lu

Transformers, which are popular for language modeling, have been explored for solving vision tasks recently, e.g., the Vision Transformer (ViT) for image classification. The ViT model splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Li Yuan , Yunpeng Chen , Tao Wang , Weihao Yu , Yujun Shi , Zihang Jiang , Francis EH Tay , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan

Self-attention-based vision transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a highly competitive architecture in computer vision. Unlike convolutional neural networks (CNNs), ViTs are capable of global information sharing. With the development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Zhenzhen Chu , Jiayu Chen , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Ziheng Wu , Jun Huang , Weining Qian

We attempt to reduce the computational costs in vision transformers (ViTs), which increase quadratically in the token number. We present a novel training paradigm that trains only one ViT model at a time, but is capable of providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Mingbao Lin , Mengzhao Chen , Yuxin Zhang , Chunhua Shen , Rongrong Ji , Liujuan Cao

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in learning representations, but their performance is compromised when applied to unseen domains. Previous methods either engage in prompt learning during the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Yunbei Zhang , Akshay Mehra , Jihun Hamm

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are becoming more popular and dominating technique for various vision tasks, compare to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). As a demanding technique in computer vision, ViTs have been successfully solved various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Khawar Islam

The groundbreaking performance of transformers in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks has led to their replacement of traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), owing to the efficiency and accuracy achieved through the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Gousia Habib , Damandeep Singh , Ishfaq Ahmad Malik , Brejesh Lall

While linear-complexity attention mechanisms offer a promising alternative to Softmax attention for overcoming the quadratic bottleneck, training such models from scratch remains prohibitively expensive. Inheriting weights from pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yining Li , Dongchen Han , Zeyu Liu , Hanyi Wang , Yulin Wang , Gao Huang

Vision Transformer (ViT) demonstrates that Transformer for natural language processing can be applied to computer vision tasks and result in comparable performance to convolutional neural networks (CNN), which have been studied and adopted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yi-Lun Liao , Sertac Karaman , Vivienne Sze

This paper investigates two techniques for developing efficient self-supervised vision transformers (EsViT) for visual representation learning. First, we show through a comprehensive empirical study that multi-stage architectures with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Chunyuan Li , Jianwei Yang , Pengchuan Zhang , Mei Gao , Bin Xiao , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan , Jianfeng Gao

Vision Transformer (ViT), as a powerful alternative to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has received much attention. Recent work showed that ViTs are also vulnerable to adversarial examples like CNNs. To build robust ViTs, an intuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Boxi Wu , Jindong Gu , Zhifeng Li , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Wei Liu

Recent advances on Vision Transformer (ViT) and its improved variants have shown that self-attention-based networks surpass traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in most vision tasks. However, existing ViTs focus on the standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Xiaofeng Mao , Gege Qi , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaodan Li , Ranjie Duan , Shaokai Ye , Yuan He , Hui Xue

We explore the application of Vision Transformer (ViT) for handwritten text recognition. The limited availability of labeled data in this domain poses challenges for achieving high performance solely relying on ViT. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yuting Li , Dexiong Chen , Tinglong Tang , Xi Shen

We revisit the existing excellent Transformers from the perspective of practical application. Most of them are not even as efficient as the basic ResNets series and deviate from the realistic deployment scenario. It may be due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Xin Xia , Jiashi Li , Jie Wu , Xing Wang , Xuefeng Xiao , Min Zheng , Rui Wang

Vision Transformers (ViT) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to convolutional networks (CNNs). Although hybrid models attempt to bridge the gap between these two architectures, the self-attention layers they rely on induce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Stéphane d'Ascoli , Levent Sagun , Giulio Biroli , Ari Morcos

The recently developed vision transformer (ViT) has achieved promising results on image classification compared to convolutional neural networks. Inspired by this, in this paper, we study how to learn multi-scale feature representations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Chun-Fu Chen , Quanfu Fan , Rameswar Panda

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown promising performance compared with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), but the training of ViTs is much harder than CNNs. In this paper, we define several metrics, including Dynamic Data Proportion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Benjia Zhou , Pichao Wang , Jun Wan , Yanyan Liang , Fan Wang

Test-Time Training (TTT) models context dependencies by adapting part of the model's weights (referred to as fast weights) during inference. This fast weight, akin to recurrent states in RNNs, stores temporary memories of past tokens in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Tianyuan Zhang , Sai Bi , Yicong Hong , Kai Zhang , Fujun Luan , Songlin Yang , Kalyan Sunkavalli , William T. Freeman , Hao Tan

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) showed remarkable results in many vision tasks, they are still strained by simple yet challenging visual reasoning problems. Inspired by the recent success of the Transformer network in computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Nicola Messina , Giuseppe Amato , Fabio Carrara , Claudio Gennaro , Fabrizio Falchi
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