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Massive frame redundancy and limited context window make efficient frame selection crucial for long-video understanding with large vision-language models (LVLMs). Prevailing approaches, however, adopt a flat sampling paradigm which treats…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wang Chen , Yongdong Luo , Yuhui Zeng , Luojun Lin , Tianyu Xie , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji , Xiawu Zheng

Large video-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated promising progress in various video understanding tasks. However, their effectiveness in long-form video analysis is constrained by limited context windows. Traditional approaches, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shuming Liu , Chen Zhao , Tianqi Xu , Bernard Ghanem

Key frame selection in video understanding presents significant challenges. Traditional top-K selection methods, which score frames independently, often fail to optimize the selection as a whole. This independent scoring frequently results…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yiqing Yang , Kin-Man Lam

Video Large Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance on various vision-language tasks, yet their practical use is limited by the massive number of visual tokens produced from raw video frames, which quickly exhausts the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Guangyu Sun , Archit Singhal , Burak Uzkent , Mubarak Shah , Chen Chen , Garin Kessler

Long video understanding remains challenging due to its complex, diverse, and temporally scattered content. Although video large language models (Video-LLMs) can process videos lasting tens of minutes, applying them to truly long sequences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuan Sheng , Yanbin Hao , Chenxu Li , Shuo Wang , Xiangnan He

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (M-LLMs) show promising results in video reasoning. Popular Multi-Modal Large Language Model (M-LLM) frameworks usually apply naive uniform sampling to reduce the number of video frames…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kai Hu , Feng Gao , Xiaohan Nie , Peng Zhou , Son Tran , Tal Neiman , Lingyun Wang , Mubarak Shah , Raffay Hamid , Bing Yin , Trishul Chilimbi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) represent images and video frames as visual tokens. Scaling from single images to hour-long videos, however, inflates the token budget far beyond practical limits. Popular pipelines therefore either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zirui Zhu , Hailun Xu , Yang Luo , Yong Liu , Kanchan Sarkar , Zhenheng Yang , Yang You

Long video understanding is inherently challenging for vision-language models (VLMs) because of the extensive number of frames. With each video frame typically expanding into tens or hundreds of tokens, the limited context length of large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zheyu Zhang , Ziqi Pang , Shixing Chen , Xiang Hao , Vimal Bhat , Yu-Xiong Wang

Video question-answering is a fundamental task in the field of video understanding. Although current vision--language models (VLMs) equipped with Video Transformers have enabled temporal modeling and yielded superior results, they are at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Min-Yen Kan , Soujanya Poria

We propose KFS-Bench, the first benchmark for key frame sampling in long video question answering (QA), featuring multi-scene annotations to enable direct and robust evaluation of sampling strategies. Key frame sampling is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zongyao Li , Kengo Ishida , Satoshi Yamazaki , Xiaotong Ji , Jianquan Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) could power real-time assistants and autonomous agents, but they face a critical challenge: understanding near-infinite video streams without escalating latency and memory usage. Processing entire videos with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Yukang Chen , Liuning He , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

In this work, we aim for temporally consistent semantic segmentation throughout frames in a video. Many semantic segmentation algorithms process images individually which leads to an inconsistent scene interpretation due to illumination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Manuel Rebol , Patrick Knöbelreiter

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant success in visual understanding tasks. However, challenges persist in adapting these models for video comprehension due to the large volume of data and temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Shaojie Zhang , Jiahui Yang , Jianqin Yin , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

Understanding long-form video content presents significant challenges due to its temporal complexity and the substantial computational resources required. In this work, we propose an agent-based approach to enhance both the efficiency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sullam Jeoung , Goeric Huybrechts , Bhavana Ganesh , Aram Galstyan , Sravan Bodapati

For semantic segmentation, most existing real-time deep models trained with each frame independently may produce inconsistent results for a video sequence. Advanced methods take into considerations the correlations in the video sequence,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Yifan Liu , Chunhua Shen , Changqian Yu , Jingdong Wang

Segmenting long-form videos into semantically coherent scenes is a fundamental task in large-scale video understanding. Existing encoder-based methods are limited by visual-centric biases, classify each shot in isolation without leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Nimrod Berman , Adam Botach , Emanuel Ben-Baruch , Shunit Haviv Hakimi , Asaf Gendler , Ilan Naiman , Erez Yosef , Igor Kviatkovsky

Recently, Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) integrated with vision encoders have shown promising performance in vision understanding. The key of VLLMs is to encode visual content into sequences of visual tokens, enabling VLLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhuqiang Lu , Zhenfei Yin , Mengwei He , Zhihui Wang , Zicheng Liu , Zhiyong Wang , Kun Hu

Despite recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), long-video understanding remains a challenging problem. Although state-of-the-art long-context VLMs can process around 1000 input frames, they still struggle to effectively leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anurag Arnab , Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Video Large Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in video understanding, but the significant computational cost from processing dense frames severely limits their practical application. Existing methods alleviate this by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Junpeng Ma , Sashuai Zhou , Guanghao Li , Xin Gao , Yue Cao , Hengyu Zeng , Yuxiang Yan , Zhibin Wang , Jun Song , Bo Zheng , Shanghang Zhang , Jian Pu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in image understanding, but long-video are constrained by context windows and computational cost. Uniform frame sampling often leads to substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yifeng Yao , Yike Yun , Jing Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Ke Tian , Zhihao Wang , Minghui Qiu , Tao Wang
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