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Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are specialized hardware accelerators for deep learning developed by Google. This paper aims to explore TPUs in cloud and edge computing focusing on its applications in AI. We provide an overview of TPUs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Diego Sanmartín Carrión , Vera Prohaska

RTL simulation on CPUs remains a persistent bottleneck in hardware design. State-of-the-art simulators embed the circuit directly into the simulation binary, resulting in long compilation times and execution that is fundamentally CPU…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yan Zhu , Boru Chen , Christopher W. Fletcher , Nandeeka Nayak

High-dimensional data in the form of tensors are challenging for kernel classification methods. To both reduce the computational complexity and extract informative features, kernels based on low-rank tensor decompositions have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-17 Kirandeep Kour , Sergey Dolgov , Peter Benner , Martin Stoll , Max Pfeffer

Stencil codes are performance-critical in many compute-intensive applications, but suffer from significant address calculation and irregular memory access overheads. This work presents SARIS, a general and highly flexible methodology for…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Paul Scheffler , Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

One of the major resource requirements of computers - ranging from biological cells to human brains to high-performance (engineered) computers - is the energy used to run them. Those costs of performing a computation have long been a focus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-06 David H. Wolpert

Recent advancements in hardware accelerators such as Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) speed up computation time relative to Central Processing Units (CPUs) not only for machine learning but, as demonstrated here, also for scientific modeling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Damien Pierce , R. Lily Hu , Yusef Shafi , Anudhyan Boral , Vladimir Anisimov , Sella Nevo , Yi-fan Chen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), central to computational neuroscience and neuromorphic machine learning (ML), require efficient simulation and gradient-based training. While AI accelerators offer promising speedups, gradient-based SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

Coresets have emerged as a powerful tool to summarize data by selecting a small subset of the original observations while retaining most of its information. This approach has led to significant computational speedups but the performance of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Paxton Turner , Jingbo Liu , Philippe Rigollet

The frontier of quantum computing (QC) simulation on classical hardware is quickly reaching the hard scalability limits for computational feasibility. Nonetheless, there is still a need to simulate large quantum systems classically, as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

Tensor networks (TNs) are a central computational tool in quantum science and artificial intelligence. However, the lack of unified software interface across tensor-computing frameworks severely limits the portability of TN applications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Rong-Yang Sun , Tomonori Shirakawa , Hidehiko Kohshiro , D. N. Sheng , Seiji Yunoki

The growth of data to be processed in the Oil & Gas industry matches the requirements imposed by evolving algorithms based on stencil computations, such as Full Waveform Inversion and Reverse Time Migration. Graphical processing units…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Vitor Hugo Mickus Rodrigues , Lucas Cavalcante , Maelso Bruno Pereira , Fabio Luporini , István Reguly , Gerard Gorman , Samuel Xavier de Souza

Stencil computations consume a major part of runtime in many scientific simulation codes. As prototypes for this class of algorithms we consider the iterative Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel smoothers and aim at highly efficient parallel…

Performance · Computer Science 2012-03-01 Jan Treibig , Gerhard Wellein , Georg Hager

Machine learning (ML) models are widely used in many important domains. For efficiently processing these computational- and memory-intensive applications, tensors of these over-parameterized models are compressed by leveraging sparsity,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shail Dave , Riyadh Baghdadi , Tony Nowatzki , Sasikanth Avancha , Aviral Shrivastava , Baoxin Li

Convolution is one of the fundamental operations of deep neural networks with demanding matrix computation. In a graphic processing unit (GPU), Tensor Core is a specialized matrix processing hardware equipped with reduced-precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Junkyeong Choi , Hyucksung Kwon , Woongkyu Lee , Jungwook Choi , Jieun Lim

Tensor cores (TCs) are a type of Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and are a recent addition to Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) architectures. As such, TCs are purposefully designed to greatly improve the performance of Matrix…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Benoit Gallet , Michael Gowanlock

Token generation speed is critical to power the next wave of AI inference applications. GPUs significantly underperform during token generation due to synchronization overheads at kernel boundaries, utilizing only 21% of their peak memory…

ITensor is a system for programming tensor network calculations with an interface modeled on tensor diagram notation, which allows users to focus on the connectivity of a tensor network without manually bookkeeping tensor indices. The…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Matthew Fishman , Steven R. White , E. Miles Stoudenmire

Many research works have been performed on implementation of Vitrerbi decoding algorithm on GPU instead of FPGA because this platform provides considerable flexibility in addition to great performance. Recently, the recently-introduced…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Alireza Mohammadidoost , Matin Hashemi

Recent hardware acceleration advances have enabled powerful specialized accelerators for finite element computations, spiking neural network inference, and sparse tensor operations. However, existing approaches face fundamental limitations:…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chuanzhen Wang , Leo Zhang , Eric Liu

Classically simulating quantum circuits is crucial when developing or testing quantum algorithms. Due to the underlying exponential complexity, efficient data structures are key for performing such simulations. To this end, tensor networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Lukas Burgholzer , Alexander Ploier , Robert Wille