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Muon optimizer has demonstrated robust results in pretraining of language models but its performance in finetuning of existing public pretrained models is not yet explored. Currently, Muon is used along with AdamW introducing a scope of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saurabh Page , Advait Joshi , S. S. Sonawane

The Muon optimizer is consistently faster than Adam in training Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the mechanism underlying its success remains unclear. This paper demystifies this mechanism through the lens of associative memory. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shuche Wang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Jiaxiang Li , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Zhuoran Yang , Mingyi Hong , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Sequential Recommendation (SeqRec) aims to predict the next item by capturing sequential patterns from users' historical interactions, playing a crucial role in many real-world recommender systems. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jiakai Tang , Sunhao Dai , Teng Shi , Jun Xu , Xu Chen , Wen Chen , Jian Wu , Yuning Jiang

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Agentic RAG) enhances the processing capability for complex tasks through dynamic retrieval and adaptive workflows. Recent advances (e.g., Search-R1) have shown that outcome-supervised reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yongqi Leng , Yikun Lei , Xikai Liu , Meizhi Zhong , Bojian Xiong , Yurong Zhang , Yan Gao , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Deyi Xiong

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recommender systems faces key challenges in delivering deep personalization and intelligent reasoning, especially for interactive scenarios. Current methods are often constrained by limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jiani Huang , Xingchen Zou , Lianghao Xia , Qing Li

The Muon optimizer has recently attracted considerable attention for its strong empirical performance and use of orthogonalized updates on matrix-shaped parameters, yet its underlying mechanisms and relationship to adaptive optimizers such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xianbiao Qi , Marco Chen , Jiaquan Ye , Yelin He , Rong Xiao

Recent empirical research has demonstrated that deep learning optimizers based on the linear minimization oracle (LMO) over specifically chosen Non-Euclidean norm balls, such as Muon and Scion, outperform Adam-type methods in the training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Xun Qian , Hussein Rammal , Dmitry Kovalev , Peter Richtárik

The dominant retrieve-then-rank pipeline in large-scale recommender systems suffers from mis-calibration and engineering overhead due to its architectural split and differing optimization objectives. While recent generative sequence models…

Recently, Memory-based Neural Recommenders (MNR) have demonstrated superior predictive accuracy in the task of sequential recommendations, particularly for modeling long-term item dependencies. However, typical MNR requires complex memory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Shilin Qu , Fajie Yuan , Guibing Guo , Liguang Zhang , Wei Wei

The Muon optimizer has recently offered a promising alternative to AdamW for large language model training, leveraging matrix orthogonalization to produce geometry-aware updates. However, like all first-order methods, Muon can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jiacheng Li , Jianchao Tan , Hongtao Xu , Jiaqi Zhang , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai

Sequential Recommendation (SR) plays a pivotal role in recommender systems by tailoring recommendations to user preferences based on their non-stationary historical interactions. Achieving high-quality performance in SR requires attention…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Wuchao Li , Rui Huang , Haijun Zhao , Chi Liu , Kai Zheng , Qi Liu , Na Mou , Guorui Zhou , Defu Lian , Yang Song , Wentian Bao , Enyun Yu , Wenwu Ou

Recent advancements in large language model-based recommendation systems often represent items as text or semantic IDs and generate recommendations in an auto-regressive manner. However, due to the left-to-right greedy decoding strategy and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Mengyao Gao , Chongming Gao , Haoyan Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Jiajia Chen , Shuai Yuan , Xiangnan He

Recommender systems (RecSys) have become essential in modern society, driving user engagement and satisfaction across diverse online platforms. Most RecSys focuses on designing a powerful encoder to embed users and items into…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xi Wu , Dan Zhang , Chao Zhou , Liangwei Yang , Tianyu Lin , Jibing Gong

Sequential recommendation is a task to capture hidden user preferences from historical user item interaction data and recommend next items for the user. Significant progress has been made in this domain by leveraging classification based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Panfeng Cao , Pietro Lio

The optimization algorithm and its hyperparameters can significantly affect the training speed and resulting model accuracy in machine learning applications. The wish list for an ideal optimizer includes fast and smooth convergence to low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Marco Eckhoff , Markus Reiher

Multimodal recommender systems (MMRS) leverage images, text, and interaction signals to enrich item representations. However, recent alignment based MMRSs that enforce a unified embedding space often blur modality specific structures and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yonghun Jeong , David Yoon Suk Kang , Yeon-Chang Lee

Muon-style optimizers leverage Newton-Schulz (NS) iterations to orthogonalize updates, yielding update geometries that often outperform Adam-series methods. However, this orthogonalization discards magnitude information, rendering training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Peng Cheng , Jiucheng Zang , Qingnan Li , Liheng Ma , Yufei Cui , Yingxue Zhang , Boxing Chen , Ming Jian , Wen Tong

Generative recommendation aims to learn the underlying generative process over the entire item set to produce recommendations for users. Although it leverages non-linear probabilistic models to surpass the limited modeling capacity of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yi Zhang , Yiwen Zhang , Yu Wang , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for generative sequential recommendation, which typically generate next items to recommend guided by user interaction histories with a multi-step denoising process. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Guoqing Hu , Zhengyi Yang , Wei Ji , Xiang Wang

The Muon optimizer has emerged as a compelling alternative to Adam for training large language models, achieving remarkable computational savings through gradient orthogonalization. However, Muon's optimizer state is more sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yupeng Su , Ruijie Zhang , Ziyue Liu , Yequan Zhao , Zheng Zhang