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This review explores the integration of deep learning (DL) with full-waveform inversion (FWI) for enhanced seismic imaging and subsurface characterization. It covers FWI and DL fundamentals, geophysical applications (velocity estimation,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Christopher Zerafa , Pauline Galea , Cristiana Sebu

A novel approach to full waveform inversion (FWI), based on a data driven reduced order model (ROM) of the wave equation operator is introduced. The unknown medium is probed with pulses and the time domain pressure waveform data is recorded…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-03 Alexander V. Mamonov , Liliana Borcea , Josselin Garnier , Jörn Zimmerling

Full waveform inversion (FWI) enables us to obtain high-resolution velocity models of the subsurface. However, estimating the associated uncertainties in the process is not trivial. Commonly, uncertainty estimation is performed within the…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-05-16 Muhammad Izzatullah , Matteo Ravasi , Tariq Alkhalifah

Non-invasive subsurface imaging using full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to fundamentally change engineering site characterization by enabling the recovery of high resolution 2D/3D maps of subsurface stiffness. Yet, the…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Joseph P. Vantassel , Krishna Kumar , Brady R. Cox

Full waveform inversion (FWI) strongly depends on an accurate starting model to succeed. This is particularly true in the elastic regime: The cycle-skipping phenomenon is more severe in elastic FWI compared to acoustic FWI, due to the short…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-10-14 Hongyu Sun , Laurent Demanet

Marine seismic exploration is a core technology supporting marine resource exploration, seabed detection, carbon sequestration monitoring, and offshore engineering safety. The integration of full-waveform inversion (FWI), elastic inversion,…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Guoxin Chen

Frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) is suitable for long-offset stationary-recording acquisition, since reliable subsurface models can be reconstructed with a few frequencies and attenuation is easily implemented without…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-20 Victorita Dolean , Pierre Jolivet , Stéphane Operto , Pierre-Henri Tournier

To obtain high-resolution images of subsurface structures from seismic data, seismic imaging techniques such as Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) serve as crucial tools. However, FWI involves solving a nonlinear and often non-unique inverse…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-06-10 Yuke Xie , Hervé Chauris , Nicolas Desassis

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) plays a vital role in geoscience to explore the subsurface. It utilizes the seismic wave to image the subsurface velocity map. As the machine learning (ML) technique evolves, the data-driven approaches using ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Junhuan Yang , Hanchen Wang , Yi Sheng , Youzuo Lin , Lei Yang

Global seismic tomography, taking advantage of seismic waves from natural earthquakes, provides essential insights into the earth's internal dynamics. Advanced Full-waveform Inversion (FWI) techniques, whose aim is to meticulously interpret…

Seismic inversion is a core problem in geophysical exploration, where traditional methods suffer from high computational costs and are susceptible to initial model dependence. In recent years, deep generative model-based seismic inversion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haofei Xu , Wei Cheng , Sizhe Li , Jie Xiong

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is today a standard process for the inverse problem of seismic imaging. PDE-constrained optimization is used to determine unknown parameters in a wave equation that represent geophysical properties. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Bjorn Engquist , Yunan Yang

Nonlinear least squares data-fitting driven by physical process simulation is a classic and widely successful technique for the solution of inverse problems in science and engineering. Known as "Full Waveform Inversion" in application to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-28 William W. Symes

In the Oil and Gas industry, estimating a subsurface velocity field is an essential step in seismic processing, reservoir characterization, and hydrocarbon volume calculation. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) velocity modeling is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Saraiva Marcus , Forechi Avelino , de Oliveira Neto Jorcy , DelRey Antonio , Rauber Thomas

Adaptive Waveform Inversion (AWI) applied to transient transmitted wave data can yield estimates of index of refraction (or wave velocity) similar to those obtained by travel time inversion. The AWI objective function measures normalized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-12 William W. Symes

Full waveform inversion (FWI) can be expressed in a Bayesian framework, where the associated uncertainties are captured by the posterior probability distribution (PPD). In practice, solving Bayesian FWI with sampling-based methods such as…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Shuhua Hu , Mrinal K Sen , Zeyu Zhao , Abdelrahman Elmeliegy , Shuo Zhang

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a technique employed to attain a high resolution subsurface velocity model. However, FWI results are effected by the limited illumination of the model domain and the quality of that illumination, which is…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Lingyun Yang , Omar M. Saad , Guochen Wu , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) updates the velocity model by minimizing the discrepancy between observed and simulated data. However, discretization errors in numerical modeling and incomplete seismic data acquisition can introduce noise,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Xinru Mu , Omar M. Saad , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a large-scale nonlinear ill-posed problem for which computationally expensive Newton-type methods can become trapped in undesirable local minima, particularly when the initial model lacks a low-wavenumber…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-02-23 Ali Gholami

Iterative inversion of seismic, ultrasonic, and other wave data by local gradient-based optimization of mean-square data prediction error (Full Waveform Inversion or FWI) can fail to converge to useful model estimates if started from an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-10 William W. Symes , Huiyi Chen , Susan E. Minkoff
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