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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated advanced capabilities in both text generation and comprehension, and their application to data archives might facilitate the privatization of sensitive information about the data subjects. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Stefano Cirillo , Domenico Desiato , Giuseppe Polese , Monica Maria Lucia Sebillo , Giandomenico Solimando

Communication topology is a critical factor in the utility and safety of LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS), making it a high-value intellectual property (IP) whose confidentiality remains insufficiently studied. Existing topology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zixun Xiong , Gaoyi Wu , Lingfeng Yao , Miao Pan , Xiaojiang Du , Hao Wang

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks by conditioning on demonstrations of question-answer pairs and it has been shown to have comparable performance to costly model retraining and fine-tuning.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Alycia N. Carey , Karuna Bhaila , Kennedy Edemacu , Xintao Wu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) derive their capabilities from extensive training on vast corpora of visual and textual data. Empowered by large-scale parameters, these models often exhibit strong memorization of their training data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jinhua Yin , Peiru Yang , Chen Yang , Huili Wang , Zhiyang Hu , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Cascades are a common type of machine learning systems in which a large, remote model can be queried if a local model is not able to accurately label a user's data by itself. Serving stacks for large language models (LLMs) increasingly use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Florian Hartmann , Duc-Hieu Tran , Peter Kairouz , Victor Cărbune , Blaise Aguera y Arcas

Large language models (LLMs) are complex artificial intelligence systems capable of understanding, generating and translating human language. They learn language patterns by analyzing large amounts of text data, allowing them to perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Biwei Yan , Kun Li , Minghui Xu , Yueyan Dong , Yue Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Xiuzhen Cheng

Large language models (LLMs), especially those based on the Transformer architecture, have had a profound impact on various aspects of daily life, such as natural language processing, content generation, research methodologies, and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yeqi Gao , Zhao Song , Xin Yang , Yufa Zhou

Modern machine learning systems increasingly rely on sensitive data, creating significant privacy, security, and regulatory risks that existing privacy-preserving machine learning (ppML) techniques, such as Differential Privacy (DP) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jeremy J Samuelson

In this paper we develop state-of-the-art privacy attacks against Large Language Models (LLMs), where an adversary with some access to the model tries to learn something about the underlying training data. Our headline results are new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jeffrey G. Wang , Jason Wang , Marvin Li , Seth Neel

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly integral to diverse applications, their capabilities raise significant privacy concerns. This survey offers a comprehensive overview of privacy risks associated with LLMs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Shibo Feng , Li Shen , Pengcheng Wu

Current LLM-based services typically require users to submit raw text regardless of its sensitivity. While intuitive, such practice introduces substantial privacy risks, as unauthorized access may expose personal, medical, or legal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jeongho Yoon , Chanhee Park , Yongchan Chun , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized how we interact with machines. However, this technological advancement has been paralleled by the emergence of "Mallas," malicious services operating underground that exploit LLMs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Garrett Crumrine , Izzat Alsmadi , Jesus Guerrero , Yuvaraj Munian

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

The widespread adoption of cloud-based proprietary large language models (LLMs) has introduced significant challenges, including operational dependencies, privacy concerns, and the necessity of continuous internet connectivity. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chansung Park , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Sayak Paul , Jing Tang

Outsourcing ML training to cloud-service-providers presents a compelling opportunity for resource constrained clients, while it simultaneously bears inherent privacy risks. We introduce Silenuio, the first fully non-interactive outsourcing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jonas Sander , Thomas Eisenbarth

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, yet a unified treatment of their overlapping safety challenges remains lacking. We present SafeLM, a framework that jointly addresses four pillars of LLM safety:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Noor Islam S. Mohammad , Uluğ Bayazıt

Machine learning (ML) is vulnerable to inference (e.g., membership inference, property inference, and data reconstruction) attacks that aim to infer the private information of training data or dataset. Existing defenses are only designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sayedeh Leila Noorbakhsh , Binghui Zhang , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang

In the age of cloud computing, data privacy protection has become a major challenge, especially when sharing sensitive data across cloud environments. However, how to optimize collaboration across cloud environments remains an unresolved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Huaiying Luo , Cheng Ji

The emerging applications of machine learning algorithms on mobile devices motivate us to offload the computation tasks of training a model or deploying a trained one to the cloud or at the edge of the network. One of the major challenges…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-28 Hamidreza Ehteram , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Mahtab Mirmohseni