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Learning a generalizable bimanual manipulation policy is extremely challenging for embodied agents due to the large action space and the need for coordinated arm movements. Existing approaches rely on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chenyou Fan , Fangzheng Yan , Chenjia Bai , Jiepeng Wang , Chi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic learning, enabling training on large-scale, cross-embodiment data and fine-tuning for specific robots. However, state-of-the-art autoregressive VLAs struggle with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chengmeng Li , Yaxin Peng

We present a scalable framework for cross-embodiment humanoid robot control by learning a shared latent representation that unifies motion across humans and diverse humanoid platforms, including single-arm, dual-arm, and legged humanoid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yashuai Yan , Dongheui Lee

Developing controllers that generalize across diverse robot morphologies remains a significant challenge in legged locomotion. Traditional approaches either create specialized controllers for each morphology or compromise performance for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Weijie Xi , Zhanxiang Cao , Chenlin Ming , Jianying Zheng , Guyue Zhou

When limited by their own morphologies, humans and some species of animals have the remarkable ability to use objects from the environment toward accomplishing otherwise impossible tasks. Robots might similarly unlock a range of additional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ziang Liu , Stephen Tian , Michelle Guo , C. Karen Liu , Jiajun Wu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Embodied intelligence systems, which enhance agent capabilities through continuous environment interactions, have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. Vision-Language-Action models, inspired by advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haoran Li , Yuhui Chen , Wenbo Cui , Weiheng Liu , Kai Liu , Mingcai Zhou , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Tactile sensing is a widely-studied means of implicit communication between robot and human. In this paper, we investigate how tactile sensing can help bridge differences between robotic embodiments in the context of collaborative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 William van den Bogert , Madhavan Iyengar , Nima Fazeli

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong promise for generalist robot control, it remains unclear whether -- and under what conditions -- the standard "scale data" recipe translates to robotics, where training data is…

Evolution sculpts both the body plans and nervous systems of agents together over time. In contrast, in AI and robotics, a robot's body plan is usually designed by hand, and control policies are then optimized for that fixed design. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-14 Nick Cheney , Josh Bongard , Vytas SunSpiral , Hod Lipson

Traditional reinforcement learning-based robotic control methods are often task-specific and fail to generalize across diverse environments or unseen objects and instructions. Visual Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate strong scene…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Qi Sun , Pengfei Hong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , U-Xuan Tan , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

Prompt-based learning has been demonstrated as a compelling paradigm contributing to large language models' tremendous success (LLMs). Inspired by their success in language tasks, existing research has leveraged LLMs in embodied instruction…

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Control policy learning for modular robot locomotion has previously been limited to proprioceptive feedback and flat terrain. This paper develops policies for modular systems with vision traversing more challenging environments. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Julian Whitman , Howie Choset

Humanoid robots, with their human-like morphology, hold great potential for industrial applications. However, existing loco-manipulation methods primarily focus on dexterous manipulation, falling short of the combined requirements for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kaiyan Xiao , Zihan Xu , Cheng Zhe , Chengju Liu , Qijun Chen

Inspired by the necessity of morphological adaptation in animals, a growing body of work has attempted to expand robot training to encompass physical aspects of a robot's design. However, reinforcement learning methods capable of optimizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhan Li , David Matthews , Sam Kriegman

In robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models that integrate diverse multimodal signals from multi-view inputs have emerged as an effective approach. However, most prior work adopts static fusion that processes all visual inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Young-Chae Son , Jung-Woo Lee , Yoon-Ji Choi , Dae-Kwan Ko , Soo-Chul Lim

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Vision-language-action (VLA) models are emerging as embodied foundation models for robotic manipulation, but their deployment introduces a new unlearning challenge: removing unsafe, spurious, or privacy-sensitive behaviors without degrading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ravi Ranjan , Agoritsa Polyzou

End-to-end learning is emerging as a powerful paradigm for robotic manipulation, but its effectiveness is limited by data scarcity and the heterogeneity of action spaces across robot embodiments. In particular, diverse action spaces across…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Erik Bauer , Elvis Nava , Robert K. Katzschmann