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The exponential growth of text-based data in domains such as healthcare, education, and social sciences has outpaced the capacity of traditional qualitative analysis methods, which are time-intensive and prone to subjectivity. Large…

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in solving diverse tasks. However, their proficiency in iteratively optimizing complex solutions through learning from previous feedback remains insufficiently explored. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing tasks, such as text generation and semantic understanding. However, their performance on numerical reasoning tasks, such as basic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Haoyang Li , Xuejia Chen , Zhanchao XU , Darian Li , Nicole Hu , Fei Teng , Yiming Li , Luyu Qiu , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

A central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is its dependence on extensive real-world interaction data to learn task-specific policies. While recent work demonstrates that large language models (LLMs) can mitigate this limitation by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jing-Cheng Pang , Kaiyuan Li , Yidi Wang , Si-Hang Yang , Shengyi Jiang , Yang Yu

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for performing sophisticated software engineering tasks autonomously. In addition, there has been progress towards developing agents that can perform parts of the research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Nicholas Edwards , Yukyung Lee , Yujun Audrey Mao , Yulu Qin , Sebastian Schuster , Najoung Kim

CTBench is introduced as a benchmark to assess language models (LMs) in aiding clinical study design. Given study-specific metadata, CTBench evaluates AI models' ability to determine the baseline features of a clinical trial (CT), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Nafis Neehal , Bowen Wang , Shayom Debopadhaya , Soham Dan , Keerthiram Murugesan , Vibha Anand , Kristin P. Bennett

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as general-purpose task solvers across various fields. However, their capabilities remain limited when addressing domain-specific problems, particularly in downstream NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi , Ali Ezzat Shahroor , Maram Hasanain , Sahinur Rahman Laskar , Naeemul Hassan , Firoj Alam

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Conducting literature reviews for scientific papers is essential for understanding research, its limitations, and building on existing work. It is a tedious task which makes an automatic literature review generator appealing. Unfortunately,…

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in advancing scientific discovery. However, their capability in the fundamental yet crucial task of reproducing code from research papers, especially in the NLP…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant limitations when applied to large-scale graphs, struggling with context constraints and inflexible reasoning. We present GraphChain, a framework that enables LLMs to analyze complex graphs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chunyu Wei , Wenji Hu , Xingjia Hao , Xin Wang , Yifan Yang , Yueguo Chen , Yang Tian , Yunhai Wang

Multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate dermatology diagnostic narratives directly from images. However, reliable evaluation remains the primary bottleneck for responsible clinical deployment. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuhao Shen , Jiahe Qian , Shuping Zhang , Zhangtianyi Chen , Tao Lu , Juexiao Zhou

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their dual-use potential in cybersecurity. Existing evaluation frameworks overwhelmingly focus on Information Technology (IT) environments, failing to capture the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gustav Keppler , Moritz Gstür , Veit Hagenmeyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming diverse fields and gaining increasing influence as human proxies. This development underscores the urgent need for evaluating value orientations and understanding of LLMs to ensure their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuanyi Ren , Haoran Ye , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu

We present AutoBench, a fully automated and self-sustaining framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) through reciprocal peer assessment. This paper provides a rigorous scientific validation of the AutoBench methodology,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Dario Loi , Elena Maria Muià , Federico Siciliano , Giovanni Trappolini , Vincenzo Crisà , Peter Kruger , Fabrizio Silvestri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental across various applications, with the customization of these models to specific scenarios becoming increasingly critical. System message, a fundamental component of LLMs, is consist of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yanzhao Qin , Tao Zhang , Tao Zhang , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Haoze Sun , Yan Zhang , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Recent frontier-level LLMs have saturated many previously difficult benchmarks, leaving little room for further differentiation. This progress highlights the need for challenging benchmarks that provide objective verification. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyeonseok Moon , Seongtae Hong , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim