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While dialogue remains an important end-goal of natural language research, the difficulty of evaluation is an oft-quoted reason why it remains troublesome to make real progress towards its solution. Evaluation difficulties are actually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Margaret Li , Jason Weston , Stephen Roller

As spoken dialogue systems expand beyond traditional assistant roles to encompass diverse personas -- such as authoritative instructors, uncooperative merchants, or distracted workers -- they require distinct, human-like turn-taking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hyunbae Jeon , Jinho D. Choi

Turn-taking is a fundamental mechanism in human communication that ensures smooth and coherent verbal interactions. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have motivated their use in improving the turn-taking capabilities of Spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Umair , Vasanth Sarathy , JP de Ruiter

This paper introduces OMAR: One Model, All Roles, a reinforcement learning framework that enables AI to develop social intelligence through multi-turn, multi-agent conversational self-play. Unlike traditional paradigms that rely on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Bowen Jiang , Taiwei Shi , Ryo Kamoi , Yuan Yuan , Camillo J. Taylor , Longqi Yang , Pei Zhou , Sihao Chen

While communication strategies of Large Language Models (LLMs) are crucial for human-LLM interactions, they can also be weaponized to elicit private information, yet such stealthy attacks remain under-explored. This paper introduces the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuning Zhang , Jiaqi Bai , Linzhi Wang , Shixuan Li , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

Topics play an important role in the global organisation of a conversation as what is currently discussed constrains the possible contributions of the participant. Understanding the way topics are organised in interaction would provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Amandine Decker , Maxime Amblard

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

A myriad of different Large Language Models (LLMs) face a common challenge in contextually analyzing table question-answering tasks. These challenges are engendered from (1) finite context windows for large tables, (2) multi-faceted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 William Watson , Nicole Cho , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly studied in multi-turn, multi-agent scenarios, yet most existing setups emphasize open-ended role-play rather than controlled evaluation. We introduce AsymPuzl, a minimal but expressive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xavier Cadet , Edward Koh , Peter Chin

Language models are increasingly deployed in interactive settings where users reason about facts over time rather than in isolation. In such scenarios, correct behavior requires models to maintain and update implicit temporal assumptions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yash Kumar Atri , Steven L. Johnson , Tom Hartvigsen

Identifying specific and often complex behaviors from large language models (LLMs) in conversational settings is crucial for their evaluation. Recent work proposes novel techniques to find natural language prompts that induce specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jing Huang , Shujian Zhang , Lun Wang , Andrew Hard , Rajiv Mathews , John Lambert

Building an open-domain conversational agent is a challenging problem. Current evaluation methods, mostly post-hoc judgments of static conversation, do not capture conversation quality in a realistic interactive context. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Asma Ghandeharioun , Judy Hanwen Shen , Natasha Jaques , Craig Ferguson , Noah Jones , Agata Lapedriza , Rosalind Picard

Optimization is as much about modeling the right problem as solving it. Identifying the right objectives, constraints, and trade-offs demands extensive interaction between researchers and stakeholders. Large language models can empower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Joshua Drossman , Alexandre Jacquillat , Sébastien Martin

While confidence estimation is a promising direction for mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), current research overwhelmingly focuses on single-turn settings. The dynamics of model confidence in multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Caiqi Zhang , Ruihan Yang , Xiaochen Zhu , Chengzu Li , Tiancheng Hu , Yijiang River Dong , Deqing Yang , Nigel Collier

While the situation has improved for text-only models, it again seems to be the case currently that multimodal (text and image) models develop faster than ways to evaluate them. In this paper, we bring a recently developed evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Sherzod Hakimov , Yerkezhan Abdullayeva , Kushal Koshti , Antonia Schmidt , Yan Weiser , Anne Beyer , David Schlangen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly powerful and capable of handling complex tasks, e.g., building single agents and multi-agent systems. Compared to single agents, multi-agent systems have higher requirements for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wei Wang , Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Boyan Wang , Jie Tang

Conversations with non-player characters (NPCs) in games are typically confined to dialogue between a human player and a virtual agent, where the conversation is initiated and controlled by the player. To create richer, more believable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Hannah Morrison , Chris Martens

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in multi-agent scenarios where coordination is crucial but not always assured. Research shows that the way strategic scenarios are framed linguistically can affect…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

Humans often employ figurative language use in communication, including during interactions with dialog systems. Thus, it is important for real-world dialog systems to be able to handle popular figurative language constructs like metaphor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Harsh Jhamtani , Varun Gangal , Eduard Hovy , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Language understanding (LU) and dialogue policy learning are two essential components in conversational systems. Human-human dialogues are not well-controlled and often random and unpredictable due to their own goals and speaking habits.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Ta-Chung Chi , Po-Chun Chen , Shang-Yu Su , Yun-Nung Chen