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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit social biases that reinforce harmful stereotypes, limiting their safe deployment. Most existing debiasing methods adopt a suppressive paradigm by modifying parameters, prompts, or neurons associated with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jinhao Pan , Chahat Raj , Anjishnu Mukherjee , Sina Mansouri , Bowen Wei , Shloka Yada , Ziwei Zhu

Vision-language model (VLM) embeddings have been shown to encode biases present in their training data, such as societal biases that prescribe negative characteristics to members of various racial and gender identities. VLMs are being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Walter Gerych , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Eileen Pan , Maanas Sharma , Thomas Hartvigsen , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Despite being responsible for state-of-the-art results in several computer vision and natural language processing tasks, neural networks have faced harsh criticism due to some of their current shortcomings. One of them is that neural…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, their outputs often exhibit social biases, raising fairness concerns. Existing debiasing methods, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yujie Lin , Kunquan Li , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Jinsong Su

In recent years, the rapid advancement of machine learning (ML) models, particularly transformer-based pre-trained models, has revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) fields. However, researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Nayeon Lee , Yejin Bang , Holy Lovenia , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Wenliang Dai , Pascale Fung

As Vision Language Models (VLMs) gain widespread use, their fairness remains under-explored. In this paper, we analyze demographic biases across five models and six datasets. We find that portrait datasets like UTKFace and CelebA are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kuleen Sasse , Shan Chen , Jackson Pond , Danielle Bitterman , John Osborne

Vision-Language (V-L) pre-trained models such as CLIP show prominent capabilities in various downstream tasks. Despite this promise, V-L models are notoriously limited by their inherent social biases. A typical demonstration is that V-L…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Haoyu Zhang , Yangyang Guo , Mohan Kankanhalli

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty

Although value-aligned language models (LMs) appear unbiased in explicit bias evaluations, they often exhibit stereotypes in implicit word association tasks, raising concerns about their fair usage. We investigate the mechanisms behind this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lihao Sun , Chengzhi Mao , Valentin Hofmann , Xuechunzi Bai

This research investigates both explicit and implicit social biases exhibited by Vision-Language Models (VLMs). The key distinction between these bias types lies in the level of awareness: explicit bias refers to conscious, intentional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jen-tse Huang , Jiantong Qin , Jianping Zhang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxuan Wang , Jieyu Zhao

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed across downstream tasks, yet their training data often encode social biases that surface in outputs. Unlike humans, who interpret images through contextual and social cues, VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Adit Desai , Sudipta Roy , Mohna Chakraborty

Vision-language models can encode societal biases and stereotypes, but there are challenges to measuring and mitigating these multimodal harms due to lacking measurement robustness and feature degradation. To address these challenges, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Hugo Berg , Siobhan Mackenzie Hall , Yash Bhalgat , Wonsuk Yang , Hannah Rose Kirk , Aleksandar Shtedritski , Max Bain

Vision-language models (VLMs) have gained widespread adoption in both industry and academia. In this study, we propose a unified framework for systematically evaluating gender, race, and age biases in VLMs with respect to professions. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ashutosh Sathe , Prachi Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

Although Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success, the knowledge mechanisms underlying their social biases remain a black box, where fairness- and ethics-related problems harm certain groups of people in society. It is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jian Lan , Udo Schlegel , Tanveer Hannan , Gengyuan Zhang , Haokun Chen , Thomas Seidl

To mitigate societal biases implicitly encoded in recent successful pretrained language models, a diverse array of approaches have been proposed to encourage model fairness, focusing on prompting, data augmentation, regularized fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jingxuan Xu , Wuyang Chen , Linyi Li , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become indispensable for multimodal reasoning, yet their representations often encode and amplify demographic biases, resulting in biased associations and misaligned predictions in downstream tasks. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Dachuan Zhao , Weiyue Li , Zhenda Shen , Yushu Qiu , Bowen Xu , Haoyu Chen , Yongchao Chen

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse downstream tasks, recent studies have shown that they can inherit social biases from the training data and further propagate them into downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Tangzheng Lian , Guanyu Hu , Yijing Ren , Dimitrios Kollias , Oya Celiktutan

Pre-trained Language models (PLMs) have been acknowledged to contain harmful information, such as social biases, which may cause negative social impacts or even bring catastrophic results in application. Previous works on this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yan Liu , Yu Liu , Xiaokang Chen , Pin-Yu Chen , Daoguang Zan , Min-Yen Kan , Tsung-Yi Ho

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit gender bias, posing challenges for their safe deployment. Existing methods to mitigate bias lack a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms or compromise the model's core capabilities. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou
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