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For a fixed graph $H$, what is the smallest number of colours $C$ such that there is a proper edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_n$ with $C$ colours containing no two vertex-disjoint colour-isomorphic copies, or repeats, of $H$? We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-28 David Conlon , Mykhaylo Tyomkyn

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph with $n\ge 3$. A classic result of Dirac from 1952 asserts that $G$ is hamiltonian if $\delta(G)\ge n/2$. Dirac's theorem is one of the most influential results in the study of hamiltonicity and by now there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Guantao Chen , Songling Shan

We investigate the existence of a rainbow Hamilton cycle in a uniformly edge-coloured randomly perturbed digraph. We show that for every $\delta \in (0,1)$ there exists $C = C(\delta) > 0$ such that the following holds. Let $D_0$ be an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Kyriakos Katsamaktsis , Shoham Letzter , Amedeo Sgueglia

For an oriented graph $G$, the oriented discrepancy problem concerns the existence of a spanning subgraph of $G$ with a large imbalance between its forward and backward edge orientations. Freschi and Lo proved the Dirac-type Hamilton cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Yufei Chang , Yangyang Cheng , Zhilan Wang , Shuo Wei , Jin Yan

The study of graph discrepancy problems, initiated by Erd\H{o}s in the 1960s, has received renewed attention in recent years. In general, given a $2$-edge-coloured graph $G$, one is interested in embedding a copy of a graph $H$ in $G$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Andrea Freschi , Allan Lo

We prove two results regarding cycles in properly edge-colored graphs. First, we make a small improvement to the recent breakthrough work of Alon, Pokrovskiy and Sudakov who showed that every properly edge-colored complete graph $G$ on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-16 Jozsef Balogh , Theodore Molla

A graph is Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle which passes through every vertex of the graph exactly once. A classical theorem of Dirac from 1952 asserts that every graph on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $n/2$ is Hamiltonian. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-24 Michael Krivelevich , Choongbum Lee , Benny Sudakov

The classical Dirac theorem asserts that every graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with minimum degree $\delta(G) \ge \lceil n/2 \rceil$ is Hamiltonian. The lower bound of $\lceil n/2 \rceil$ on the minimum degree of a graph is tight. In this paper,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Yasemin Büyükçolak , Didem Gözüpek , Sibel Özkan , Mordechai Shalom

A graph is called Dirac if its minimum degree is at least half of the number of vertices in it. Joos and Kim showed that every collection $\mathbb{G}=\{G_1,\ldots,G_n\}$ of Dirac graphs on the same vertex set $V$ of size $n$ contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Michael Anastos , Debsoumya Chakraborti

We provide an optimal sufficient condition, relating minimum degree and bandwidth, for a graph to contain a spanning subdivision of the complete bipartite graph $K_{2,\ell}$. This includes the containment of Hamilton paths and cycles, and…

We give several results showing that different discrete structures typically gain certain spanning substructures (in particular, Hamilton cycles) after a modest random perturbation. First, we prove that adding linearly many random edges to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-23 Michael Krivelevich , Matthew Kwan , Benny Sudakov

A meta-conjecture of Coulson, Keevash, Perarnau and Yepremyan states that above the extremal threshold for a given spanning structure in a (hyper-)graph, one can find a rainbow version of that spanning structure in any suitably bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Amarja Kathapurkar , Patrick Morris , Guillem Perarnau

A subgraph $H$ of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all of the edges of $H$ have different colours. In 1989, Andersen conjectured that every proper edge-colouring of $K_{n}$ admits a rainbow path of length $n-2$. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Stephen Gould , Tom Kelly , Daniela Kühn , Deryk Osthus

We study the number of edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles one can guarantee in a sufficiently large graph G on n vertices with minimum degree d = (1/2+a)n. For any constant a > 0, we give an optimal answer in the following sense: let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-15 Daniela Kühn , John Lapinskas , Deryk Osthus

Given a graph on $n$ vertices and an assignment of colours to the edges, a rainbow Hamilton cycle is a cycle of length $n$ visiting each vertex once and with pairwise different colours on the edges. Similarly (for even $n$) a rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-17 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Xavier Pérez-Giménez , Paweł Prałat

A graph is Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle passing through every vertex exactly once. A celebrated theorem of Dirac from 1952 asserts that every graph on $n\ge 3$ vertices with minimum degree at least $n/2$ is Hamiltonian. We refer to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-07 Michael Krivelevich , Choongbum Lee , Benny Sudakov

A classical result of Erd\H{o}s, Gy\'arf\'as and Pyber states that any $r$-edge-coloured complete graph has a partition into $O(r^2 \log r)$ monochromatic cycles. Here we determine the minimum degree threshold for this property. More…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Dániel Korándi , Richard Lang , Shoham Letzter , Alexey Pokrovskiy

A $c$-edge-colored multigraph has each edge colored with one of the $c$ available colors and no two parallel edges have the same color. A proper Hamiltonian cycle is a cycle containing all the vertices of the multigraph such that no two…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Raquel Águeda , Valentin Borozan , Raquel Díaz , Yannis Manoussakis , Leandro Montero

In 1952, Dirac proved the following theorem about long cycles in graphs with large minimum vertex degrees: Every $n$-vertex $2$-connected graph $G$ with minimum vertex degree $\delta\geq 2$ contains a cycle with at least $\min\{2\delta,n\}$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Danil Sagunov , Kirill Simonov

Let $K_{n}^{c}$ denote a complete graph on $n$ vertices whose edges are colored in an arbitrary way. Let $\Delta^{\mathrm{mon}} (K_{n}^{c})$ denote the maximum number of edges of the same color incident with a vertex of $K_{n}^{c}$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-25 Guanghui Wang , Tao Wang , Guizhen Liu