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Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant risk of safety misalignment after finetuning, as models can be compromised by both explicitly and implicitly harmful data. Even some seemingly benign data can inadvertently steer a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhanhao Hu , Xiao Huang , Patrick Mendoza , Emad A. Alghamdi , Basel Alomair , Raluca Ada Popa , David Wagner

Modern recommender systems must adapt to dynamic, need-specific objectives for diverse recommendation scenarios, yet most traditional recommenders are optimized for a single static target and struggle to reconfigure behavior on demand.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yijun Pan , Weikang Qiu , Qiyao Ma , Mingxuan Ju , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Rex Ying

As the volume of video content online grows exponentially, the demand for moderation of unsafe videos has surpassed human capabilities, posing both operational and mental health challenges. While recent studies demonstrated the merits of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Adi Levi , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Jonathan Morra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to off-topic misuse, where users may prompt these models to perform tasks beyond their intended scope. Current guardrails, which often rely on curated examples or custom classifiers, suffer from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Gabriel Chua , Shing Yee Chan , Shaun Khoo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have underscored their vulnerability to safety alignment jailbreaks, particularly when subjected to downstream fine-tuning. However, existing mitigation strategies primarily focus on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lei Hsiung , Tianyu Pang , Yung-Chen Tang , Linyue Song , Tsung-Yi Ho , Pin-Yu Chen , Yaoqing Yang

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has been a critical concern requiring precise assessment. Current benchmarks primarily concentrate on single-turn dialogues or a single jailbreak attack method…

The rapid adoption of LLMs in both research and industry highlights the challenges of deploying them safely and reveals a gap in the systematic evaluation of toxicity benchmarks. As organizations increasingly rely on these benchmarks to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Regina Gugg , Selina Niederländer , Andreas Stöckl , Martin Flechl

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into practical hardware and firmware development pipelines for code generation. Existing studies have primarily focused on evaluating the functional correctness of LLM-generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qirui Chen , Jingxian Shuai , Shuangwu Chen , Shenghao Ye , Zijian Wen , Xufei Su , Jie Jin , Jiangming Li , Jun Chen , Xiaobin Tan , Jian Yang

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable and widely used, ensuring the safety of their outputs is increasingly critical. Existing guardrail models, though useful in static evaluation settings, face two major limitations in…

Fake news detection methods based on writing style have achieved remarkable progress. However, as adversaries increasingly imitate the style of authentic news, the effectiveness of such approaches is gradually diminishing. Recent research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jing He , Han Zhang , Yuanhui Xiao , Wei Guo , Shaowen Yao , Renyang Liu

Content moderation at scale remains one of the most pressing challenges in today's digital ecosystem, where billions of user- and AI-generated artifacts must be continuously evaluated for policy violations. Although recent advances in large…

Numerous medical systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in diverse healthcare tasks. However, research on their medication safety remains limited due to the lack of real world datasets, constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahao Zhao , Luxin Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lichao Zhang , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to exhibit vulnerabilities despite deliberate safety alignment efforts, posing significant risks to users and society. To safeguard against the risk of policy-violating content, system-level moderation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jingnan Zheng , Xiangtian Ji , Yijun Lu , Chenhang Cui , Weixiang Zhao , Gelei Deng , Zhenkai Liang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in financial services, a single non-compliant interaction can expose institutions to regulatory penalties and direct consumer harm. Existing guard models are built around general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Huaixia Dou , Jie Zhu , Minghao Wu , Shuo Jiang , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Chi Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) based judges form the underpinnings of key safety evaluation processes such as offline benchmarking, automated red-teaming, and online guardrailing. This widespread requirement raises the crucial question: can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Francisco Eiras , Eliott Zemour , Eric Lin , Vaikkunth Mugunthan

As generative AI systems are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, regulating multiple dimensions of model behavior has become essential. We focus on test-time filtering: a lightweight mechanism for behavior control that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Sunay Joshi , Yan Sun , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in financial scenarios. However, they may produce harmful outputs, including facilitating illegal activities or unethical behavior, posing serious compliance risks. To systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yutao Hou , Yihan Jiang , Yuhan Xie , Jian Yang , Liwen Zhang , Hailiang Huang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations. In particular, the enhanced Chinese language proficiency of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuyi Liu , Simiao Cui , Haoran Bu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

As the use of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, ensuring their safety and robustness has become a critical challenge. In particular, jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Hajun Kim , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

As internet access expands, so does exposure to harmful content, increasing the need for effective moderation. Research has demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can be effectively utilized for social media moderation tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hsuan-Yu Chou , Wajiha Naveed , Shuyan Zhou , Xiaowei Yang