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Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have enabled robotic agents to integrate multimodal understanding with action execution. However, our empirical analysis reveals that current VLAs struggle to allocate visual attention…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm in Embodied AI. However, the significant computational overhead of processing redundant visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck for real-time robotic deployment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Jing Zhang , Wenjing Qian

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic control, enabling end-to-end policies that ground natural language instructions into visuomotor actions. However, current VLAs often struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zijian An , Ran Yang , Yiming Feng , Lifeng Zhou

Since current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) systems suffer from limited spatial perception and the absence of memory throughout manipulation, we investigate visual anchors as a means to enhance spatial and temporal reasoning within VLA…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Juan Zhu , Zhanying Shao , Xiaoqi Li , Ethan Morgan , Jiadong Xu , Hongwei Fan , Hao Dong

Confidence estimation for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is essential for robots to perform manipulation tasks in the open world, providing crucial signals for risk-sensitive decision-making and failure anticipation. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dehao Huang , Aoxiang Gu , Chengjie Zhang , Bolin Zou , Wenlong Dong , Zilang Cen , Yue Wang , Hong Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become a cornerstone in robotic policy learning, leveraging large-scale multimodal data for robust and scalable control. However, existing VLA frameworks primarily address short-horizon tasks, and…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently been leveraged to generate robotic actions, forming Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, directly adapting a pretrained VLM for robotic control remains challenging, particularly when…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path to realizing generalist embodied agents that can quickly adapt to new tasks, modalities, and environments. However, methods for interpreting and steering VLAs fall far short of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bear Häon , Kaylene Stocking , Ian Chuang , Claire Tomlin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation by grounding high-level semantic instructions into executable physical actions. However, prevailing approaches typically adopt a monolithic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yifei Wei , Linqing Zhong , Yi Liu , Yuxiang Lu , Xindong He , Maoqing Yao , Guanghui Ren

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show potential for general robotic tasks, but remain challenging in spatiotemporally coherent manipulation, which requires fine-grained representations. Typically, existing methods embed 3D positions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

Leveraging temporal context is crucial for success in partially observable robotic tasks. However, prior work in behavior cloning has demonstrated inconsistent performance gains when using multi-frame observations. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huiwon Jang , Sihyun Yu , Heeseung Kwon , Hojin Jeon , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

Trustworthy robot behavior requires not only high levels of task success but also that the robot can reliably quantify how likely it is to succeed. To this end, we present a first-of-its-kind study of confidence calibration in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thomas P Zollo , Richard Zemel

We adapt a pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model (Open-VLA) for dexterous human-robot collaboration with minimal language prompting. Our approach adds (i) FiLM conditioning to visual backbones for task-aware perception, (ii) an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Boshi An , Chenyu Yang , Robert Katzschmann

Long-horizon robotic manipulation is increasingly important for real-world deployment, requiring spatial disambiguation in complex layouts and temporal resilience under dynamic interaction. However, existing end-to-end and hierarchical…

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have opened new avenues for robot manipulation, yet existing methods exhibit limited efficiency and a lack of high-level knowledge and spatial awareness. To address these challenges, we…

Robotic manipulation in 3D requires effective computation of N degree-of-freedom joint-space trajectories that enable precise and robust control. To achieve this, robots must integrate semantic understanding with visual perception to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vineet Bhat , Yu-Hsiang Lan , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami