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Related papers: Microscopic Structure of Random 3-SAT: A Discrete …

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We present a topological barrier to efficient computation, revealed by comparing the geometry of 2 SAT and 3 SAT solution spaces. Viewing the set of satisfying assignments as a cubical complex within the Boolean hypercube, we prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-20 M. Alasli

The XOR-satisfiability (XORSAT) problem requires finding an assignment of $n$ Boolean variables that satisfy $m$ exclusive OR (XOR) clauses, whereby each clause constrains a subset of the variables. We consider random XORSAT instances,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-09-10 Morteza Ibrahimi , Yash Kanoria , Matt Kraning , Andrea Montanari

We study the structure of satisfying assignments of a random 3-SAT formula. In particular, we show that a random formula of density 4.453 or higher almost surely has no non-trivial "core" assignments. Core assignments are certain partial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-09-01 Elitza Maneva , Alistair Sinclair

The solution space of a K-satisfiability (K-SAT) formula is a collection of solution clusters, each of which contains all the solutions that are mutually reachable through a sequence of single-spin flips. Knowledge of the statistical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-12-20 Haijun Zhou , Hui Ma

A solution to a 3-satisfiability (3-SAT) formula can be expanded into a cluster, all other solutions of which are reachable from this one through a sequence of single-spin flips. Some variables in the solution cluster are frozen to the same…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-03-17 Kang Li , Hui Ma , Haijun Zhou

We study the problem of satisfiability of randomly chosen clauses, each with K Boolean variables. Using the cavity method at zero temperature, we find the phase diagram for the K=3 case. We show the existence of an intermediate phase in the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Marc Mezard , Riccardo Zecchina

Alongside the effort underway to build quantum computers, it is important to better understand which classes of problems they will find easy and which others even they will find intractable. We study random ensembles of the QMA$_1$-complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-29 C. R. Laumann , R. Moessner , A. Scardicchio , S. L. Sondhi

A fundamental question in Computer Science is understanding when a specific class of problems go from being computationally easy to hard. Because of its generality and applications, the problem of Boolean Satisfiability (aka SAT) is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-02 Soumya C. Kambhampati , Thomas Liu

As one of the three main pillars of fine-grained complexity theory, the 3SUM problem explains the hardness of many diverse polynomial-time problems via fine-grained reductions. Many of these reductions are either directly based on or…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Nick Fischer , Piotr Kaliciak , Adam Polak

We describe an extensive study of search in GSAT, an approximation procedure for propositional satisfiability. GSAT performs greedy hill-climbing on the number of satisfied clauses in a truth assignment. Our experiments provide a more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-02-03 I. P. Gent , T. Walsh

During the past decade, phase-transition phenomena in the random 3-satisfiability (3-SAT) problem has been intensively studied by statistical physics methods. In this work, we study the random 3-SAT problem by the mean-field first-step…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-09-25 Haijun Zhou

We introduce and benchmark a stochastic local search heuristic for the NP-complete satisfiability problem 3-SAT that drastically outperforms existing solvers in the notoriously difficult realm of critically hard instances. Our construction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 J. Schwardt , J. C. Budich

This paper presents an algorithm for 3-SAT problems. First, logical formulas are transformed into elementary algebraic formulas. Second, complex trigonometric functions are assigned to the variables in the elementary algebraic formulas, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Hiroshi Tsukimoto

The problem of optimizing over random structures emerges in many areas of science and engineering, ranging from statistical physics to machine learning and artificial intelligence. For many such structures finding optimal solutions by means…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-12 David Gamarnik

We study an exactly solvable version of the famous random Boolean satisfiability problem, the so called random XOR-SAT problem. Rare events are shown to affect the combinatorial ``phase diagram'' leading to a coexistence of solvable and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Leone , F. Ricci-Tersenghi , R. Zecchina

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yumiko Nishiyama

A canonical feature of the constraint satisfaction problems in NP is approximation hardness, where in the worst case, finding sufficient-quality approximate solutions is exponentially hard for all known methods. Fundamentally, the lack of…

Partly on the basis of heuristic arguments from physics it has been suggested that the performance of certain types of algorithms on random $k$-SAT formulas is linked to phase transitions that affect the geometry of the set of satisfying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-17 Amin Coja-Oghlan , Amir Haqshenas , Samuel Hetterich

Satisfiability is considered the canonical NP-complete problem and is used as a starting point for hardness reductions in theory, while in practice heuristic SAT solving algorithms can solve large-scale industrial SAT instances very…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Thomas Bläsius , Tobias Friedrich , Andreas Göbel , Jordi Levy , Ralf Rothenberger

We introduce a highly structured family of hard satisfiable 3-SAT formulas corresponding to an ordered spin-glass model from statistical physics. This model has provably "glassy" behavior; that is, it has many local optima with large energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-10-19 Haixia Jia , Cristopher Moore , Bart Selman