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We discuss the algebra and the interpretation of the anomalous Zeeman effect and the spin-orbit coupling within the Dirac theory. Whereas the algebra for the anomalous Zeeman effect is impeccable and therefore in excellent agreement with…

General Physics · Physics 2016-04-19 Gerrit Coddens

Development of quantum engineering put forward new theoretical problems. Behavior of a single mesoscopic cell (device) we may usually describe by equations of quantum mechanics. However if experimentators gather hundreds of thousands of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 V. M. Dubovik , M. A. Martsenyuk , B. Saha

The coupled Einstein-Dirac equations for a static, spherically symmetric system of two fermions in a singlet spinor state are derived. Using numerical methods, we construct an infinite number of soliton-like solutions of these equations.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Felix Finster , Joel Smoller , Shing-Tung Yau

We perform a one-dimensional complexified quaternionic version of the Dirac equation based on $i$-complex geometry. The problem of the missing complex parameters in Quaternionic Quantum Mechanics with $i$-complex geometry is overcome by a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-08-27 Stefano De Leo , Waldyr A. Rodrigues,

Solutions of the one dimensional Dirac equation with piece-wise constant potentials are presented using standard methods. These solutions show that the Klein Paradox is non-existent and represents a failure to correctly match solutions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-24 S. P. Bowen

The fundamental solution of the Dirac equation for an electron in an electromagnetic field with harmonic dependence on space-time coordinates is obtained. The field is composed of three standing plane harmonic waves with mutually orthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-10 G. N. Borzdov

We apply the method of direct perturbation theory for the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation upon the Dirac-Pauli Hamiltonian subject to external electromagnetic fields. The exact FW transformations exist and agree with those obtained by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Dah-Wei Chiou , Tsung-Wei Chen

We discuss the quantum dynamics of the Dirac fermion particle in a gauge gravitational field. The minimal as well as the Pauli-type nonminimal coupling of a fermion with external fields is studied, bringing into consideration the notions of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-02-02 Yuri N. Obukhov , Alexander J. Silenko , Oleg V. Teryaev

The recent discovery of two-dimensional Dirac materials, such as graphene and transition-metaldichalcogenides, has raised questions about the treatment of hybrid systems, in which electrons moving in a two-dimensional plane interact via…

Negative states are an intrinsic property of relativistic quantum theory and related to anti-particles in the context of the Dirac sea concept. We show that negative states can dominantly contribute to the diffraction amplitude in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Qianlong Wang , Sven Ahrens , Baifei Shen

We rewrite the 1+1 Dirac equation in light cone coordinates in two significant forms, and solve them exactly using the classical calculus of finite differences. The complex form yields ``Feynman's Checkerboard''---a weighted sum over…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 L. H. Kauffman , H. P. Noyes

In this work, the action of the relativistic electron is derived from the hydrodynamic formulation of the Dirac equation. In particular, in the hydrodynamic scenario, the four-velocity of the electron is regarded as an Eulerian field and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Loris D'Alessi

We show that spin-flip probabilities emerge in the relativistic regime for scalar potentials, absent in the standard Dirac representation. We examine 1D scattering for the Dirac equation employing an alternate matrix representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Muhammad Adeel Ajaib

We consider the Dirac equation in flat Minkowski 3-space and rewrite it as the Maxwell equation in Minkowski 4-space with torsion. The torsion tensor is defined as the dual of the electromagnetic vector potential. Our model clearly…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dmitri Vassiliev

The structure of the 64-dimensional extended real Clifford-Dirac (ERCD) algebra, which has been introduced in our paper Phys. Lett. A. 375 (2011) 2479, is under consideration. The subalgebras of this algebra are investigated: the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-08-05 V. M. Simulik , I. Yu. Krivsky , I. O. Gordievich , I. L. Lamer

Unphysical particles are commonly ruled out from the solution of physical equations, as they fundamentally cannot exist in any real system and, hence, cannot be examined experimentally in a direct fashion. One of the most celebrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-23 R. Keil , C. Noh , A. Rai , S. Stützer , S. Nolte , D. G. Angelakis , A. Szameit

In a recent work we have proven the existence of degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation, corresponding to an infinite number of different electromagnetic fields, providing also some examples regarding massless particles. In the present…

In the previous paper (quant-ph/0204037) we proved that the quantum mechanics not only has statistic interpretation, but also the specific electromagnetic form. Here, from this point of view we show that all the formal particularities of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander G. Kyriakos

The perturbation of the Dirac sea to first order in the external potential is calculated in an expansion around the light cone. It is shown that the perturbation consists of a causal contribution, which describes the singular behavior of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-28 Felix Finster

We consider $(2+1)$ dimensional massless Dirac equation in the presence of complex vector potentials. It is shown that such vector potentials (leading to complex magnetic fields) can produce bound states and the Dirac Hamiltonians are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-04-21 Orlando Panella , Pinaki Roy