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To address the gaps between the static pre-set "thinking-planning-action" of humanoid robots in unfamiliar scenarios and the highly programmed "call tool-return result" due to the lack of autonomous coding capabilities, this work designs a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Libo Wang

As Agentic AI gain mainstream adoption, the industry invests heavily in model capabilities, achieving rapid leaps in reasoning and quality. However, these systems remain largely confined to data silos, and each new integration requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sonu Kumar , Anubhav Girdhar , Ritesh Patil , Divyansh Tripathi

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically discover and invoke third-party tools, significantly expanding agent capabilities while introducing a distinct security landscape. Unlike prompt-only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mehrdad Rostamzadeh , Sidhant Narula , Nahom Birhan , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Daniel Takabi

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into business process management tools promises to democratize Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) modeling for non-experts. While automated frameworks assess syntactic and semantic quality,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chantale Lauer , Peter Pfeiffer , Nijat Mehdiyev

While many researchers use Large Language Models (LLMs) through chat-based access, their real potential lies in leveraging LLMs via application programming interfaces (APIs). This paper conceptualizes LLMs as universal text processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ivan Zupic

Recent advances in LLM Multi-Agent Systems enable scalable orchestration of sub-agents, each coordinating hundreds or thousands of tools or Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. However, existing retrieval methods typically match queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Elias Lumer , Faheem Nizar , Anmol Gulati , Pradeep Honaganahalli Basavaraju , Vamse Kumar Subbiah

This paper reports on the implementation and evaluation of a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for DraCor, enabling Large Language Models (LLM) to autonomously interact with the DraCor API. We conducted experiments focusing on tool…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Peer Trilcke , Ingo Börner , Henny Sluyter-Gäthje , Daniil Skorinkin , Frank Fischer , Carsten Milling

Large Language Model (LLM) coding agents typically explore codebases through repeated file-reading and grep-searching, consuming thousands of tokens per query without structural understanding. We present Codebase-Memory, an open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Martin Vogel , Falk Meyer-Eschenbach , Severin Kohler , Elias Grünewald , Felix Balzer

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces a structurally distinct attack surface that existing threat frameworks, designed for traditional software systems or generic LLM deployments, do not adequately cover. This paper presents MCP-38, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

The quality of datasets plays an increasingly crucial role in the research and development of modern artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the proliferation of open dataset platforms nowadays, data quality issues, such as incomplete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Benhao Huang , Yingzhuo Yu , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Jiaqi Ma

This paper identifies and analyzes a novel vulnerability class in Model Context Protocol (MCP) based agent systems. The attack chain describes and demonstrates how benign, individually authorized tasks can be orchestrated to produce harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 David Noever

LLM agents are beginning to invoke industrial asset-management tools through the Model Context Protocol (MCP), yet whether they can act reliably on this substrate for safety-critical \emph{Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)} is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianjun Feng , Yunfeng Chen , Chun-Yi Tsai , Yihan Sun , Ayan Das , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Shuxin Lin , Dhaval Patel

This survey investigates how classical software design patterns can enhance the reliability and scalability of communication in Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agentic AI systems, focusing particularly on the Model Context Protocol (MCP).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anjana Sarkar , Soumyendu Sarkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense promise for revolutionizing financial analysis and decision-making, yet their direct application is often hampered by issues of data hallucination and lack of access to real-time, verifiable…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yifan Zeng

The ability to translate diverse patterns of inputs into structured patterns of behavior has been thought to rest on both humans' and machines' ability to learn robust representations of relevant concepts. The rapid advancement of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zach Studdiford , Timothy T. Rogers , Kushin Mukherjee , Siddharth Suresh

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved code generation, specifically at the function level. For instance, GPT-4o has achieved a 91.0\% pass rate on HumanEval. However, this draws into question the adequacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jianbo Dai , Jianqiao Lu , Yunlong Feng , Guangtao Zeng , Rongju Ruan , Ming Cheng , Dong Huang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is the standard interface between large language model (LLM) agents and external tools. At organizational scale, however, it exposes two structural problems. First, every API integration is shipped as a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Axel Dunkel

Aiming at the problems of computational inefficiency and insufficient interpretability faced by large models in complex tasks such as multi-round reasoning and multi-modal collaboration, this study proposes a three-layer collaboration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Luyan Zhang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has unified the interface between Large Language Models (LLMs) and external tools, yet a fundamental gap remains in how agents conceptualize the environments within which they operate. Current paradigms are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Giridhar Ganapavarapu , Dhaval Patel

We present Dynamic ReAct, a novel approach for enabling ReAct agents to efficiently operate with extensive Model Control Protocol (MCP) tool sets that exceed the contextual memory limitations of large language models. Our approach addresses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nishant Gaurav , Adit Akarsh , Ankit Ranjan , Manoj Bajaj