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Transfer-based adversarial attacks can evaluate model robustness in the black-box setting. Several methods have demonstrated impressive untargeted transferability, however, it is still challenging to efficiently produce targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Adversarial attacks against Deep Neural Networks have been widely studied. One significant feature that makes such attacks particularly powerful is transferability, where the adversarial examples generated from one model can be effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Renzhi Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Cong Tian , Felix Juefei-Xu , Yang Liu

The transferability of adversarial examples allows for the attack on unknown deep neural networks (DNNs), posing a serious threat to many applications and attracting great attention. In this paper, we improve the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

Knowledge transferability, or transfer learning, has been widely adopted to allow a pre-trained model in the source domain to be effectively adapted to downstream tasks in the target domain. It is thus important to explore and understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Kaizhao Liang , Jacky Y. Zhang , Boxin Wang , Zhuolin Yang , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Bo Li

Recent research has found that many families of machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs that are specifically designed to cause the target model to produce erroneous outputs. In this survey, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Rey Reza Wiyatno , Anqi Xu , Ousmane Dia , Archy de Berker

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that exhibit transferability across various models. Numerous approaches are proposed to enhance the transferability of adversarial examples, including advanced optimization, data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhaoyu Chen , Haijing Guo , Kaixun Jiang , Jiyuan Fu , Xinyu Zhou , Dingkang Yang , Hao Tang , Bo Li , Wenqiang Zhang

Neural network models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, and adversarial transferability further increases the risk of adversarial attacks. Current methods based on transferability often rely on substitute models, which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Minxuan Lv , Chengwei Dai , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Deep learning has achieved great success in computer vision, but remains vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Adversarial training is the leading defense designed to improve model robustness. However, its effect on the transferability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mohamed Awad , Mahmoud Akrm , Walid Gomaa

Adversarial examples' (AE) transferability refers to the phenomenon that AEs crafted with one surrogate model can also fool other models. Notwithstanding remarkable progress in untargeted transferability, its targeted counterpart remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hui Zeng , Sanshuai Cui , Biwei Chen , Anjie Peng

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Qian Huang , Zeqi Gu , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Pian Pawakapan , Zhiqiu Lin , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Recently, many studies utilized adversarial examples (AEs) to raise the cost of malicious image editing and copyright violation powered by latent diffusion models (LDMs). Despite their successes, a few have studied the surrogate model they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junxi Chen , Junhao Dong , Xiaohua Xie

This work studies black-box adversarial attacks against deep neural networks (DNNs), where the attacker can only access the query feedback returned by the attacked DNN model, while other information such as model parameters or the training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Yan Feng , Baoyuan Wu , Yanbo Fan , Li Liu , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Many existing adversarial attacks generate $L_p$-norm perturbations on image RGB space. Despite some achievements in transferability and attack success rate, the crafted adversarial examples are easily perceived by human eyes. Towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jianqi Chen , Hao Chen , Keyan Chen , Yilan Zhang , Zhengxia Zou , Zhenwei Shi

Transferability captures the ability of an attack against a machine-learning model to be effective against a different, potentially unknown, model. Empirical evidence for transferability has been shown in previous work, but the underlying…

An established way to improve the transferability of black-box evasion attacks is to craft the adversarial examples on an ensemble-based surrogate to increase diversity. We argue that transferability is fundamentally related to uncertainty.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Martin Gubri , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon , Koushik Sen

Adversarial transferability enables black-box attacks on unknown victim deep neural networks (DNNs), rendering attacks viable in real-world scenarios. Current transferable attacks create adversarial perturbation over the entire image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Yuanzhang Li

Deep learning models achieve remarkable accuracy in computer vision tasks, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial examples--carefully crafted perturbations to input images that can deceive these models into making confident but incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Khoi Nguyen Tiet Nguyen , Wenyu Zhang , Kangkang Lu , Yuhuan Wu , Xingjian Zheng , Hui Li Tan , Liangli Zhen

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Qian Huang , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Zeqi Gu , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Transfer-based attacks generate adversarial examples on the surrogate model, which can mislead other black-box models without access, making it promising to attack real-world applications. Recently, several works have been proposed to boost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaosen Wang , Kangheng Tong , Kun He

We design blackbox transfer-based targeted adversarial attacks for an environment where the attacker's source model and the target blackbox model may have disjoint label spaces and training datasets. This scenario significantly differs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Jingyang Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen