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Auto-regressive neural sequence models have been shown to be effective across text generation tasks. However, their left-to-right decoding order prevents generation from being parallelized. Insertion Transformer (Stern et al., 2019) is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Zhisong Zhang , Yizhe Zhang , Bill Dolan

Transformer-based models have achieved dominant performance in numerous NLP tasks. Despite their remarkable successes, pre-trained transformers such as BERT suffer from a computationally expensive self-attention mechanism that interacts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jungmin Yun , Mihyeon Kim , Youngbin Kim

Recent learning-based lossless image compression methods encode an image in the unit of subimages and achieve comparable performances to conventional non-learning algorithms. However, these methods do not consider the performance drop in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Hochang Rhee , Yeong Il Jang , Seyun Kim , Nam Ik Cho

A well-known but rarely used approach to text categorization uses conditional entropy estimates computed using data compression tools. Text affinity scores derived from compressed sizes can be used for classification and ranking tasks, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Nitya Kasturi , Igor L. Markov

We present OnPair, a dictionary-based compression algorithm designed to meet the needs of in-memory database systems that require both high compression and fast random access. Existing methods either achieve strong compression ratios at…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Francesco Gargiulo , Rossano Venturini

Existing speech tokenizers typically assign a fixed number of tokens per second, regardless of the varying information density or temporal fluctuations in the speech signal. This uniform token allocation mismatches the intrinsic structure…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Wenrui Liu , Hui-Peng Du , Qinglin Zhang , Chong Deng , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Tokenization plays a critical role in processing agglutinative languages, where a single word can encode multiple morphemes carrying syntactic and semantic information. This study evaluates the impact of various tokenization strategies -…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinfan Frank Hu

With such increasing popularity and availability of digital text data, authorships of digital texts can not be taken for granted due to the ease of copying and parsing. This paper presents a new text style analysis called natural frequency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-08-16 Zhili Chen , Liusheng Huang , Wei Yang , Peng Meng , Haibo Miao

Tokenization remains a fundamental yet underexplored bottleneck in natural language processing, with strategies largely static despite remarkable progress in model architectures. We present SupraTok, a novel tokenization architecture that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Andrei-Valentin Tănase , Elena Pelican

Lately, there has been an upsurge of interest in compressed data structures, aiming to pack ever larger quantities of information into constrained memory without sacrificing the efficiency of standard operations, like random access, search,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-07 Gábor Rétvári , János Tapolcai , Attila Kőrösi , András Majdán , Zalán Heszberger

Shaping gain is attained in schemes where a shaped subcode is chosen from a larger codebook by a codeword selection process. This includes the popular method of Trellis Shaping (TS), originally proposed by Forney for average power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-28 Stella Achtenberg , Dan Raphaeli

Typically, tokenization is the very first step in most text processing works. As a token serves as an atomic unit that embeds the contextual information of text, how to define a token plays a decisive role in the performance of a model.Even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Kyubyong Park , Joohong Lee , Seongbo Jang , Dawoon Jung

The Fourier Transform is one of the most important linear transformations used in science and engineering. Cooley and Tukey's Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from 1964 is a method for computing this transformation in time $O(n\log n)$.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Nir Ailon

Subword tokenization requires balancing computational efficiency and vocabulary coverage, which often leads to suboptimal performance on languages and scripts not prioritized during training. We propose to augment pretrained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jonas F. Lotz , Hendra Setiawan , Stephan Peitz , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Here we sketch a new derivation of Zipf's law for word frequencies based on optimal coding. The structure of the derivation is reminiscent of Mandelbrot's random typing model but it has multiple advantages over random typing: (1) it starts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

The attention mechanism in text generation is memory-bounded due to its sequential characteristics. Therefore, off-chip memory accesses should be minimized for faster execution. Although previous methods addressed this by pruning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Junyoung Park , Myeonggu Kang , Yunki Han , Yanggon Kim , Jaekang Shin , Lee-Sup Kim

One of the most famous and investigated lossless data-compression scheme is the one introduced by Lempel and Ziv about 40 years ago. This compression scheme is known as "dictionary-based compression" and consists of squeezing an input…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-07 Paolo Ferragina , Igor Nitto , Rossano Venturini

We study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization, or noisy preprocessing, and structured (nonrandom) block codes. Extending the results of [Smith, Renes, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 Oliver Kern , Joseph M. Renes

Large Language Models utilizing reasoning techniques improve task performance but incur significant latency and token costs due to verbose generation. Existing automatic prompt optimization(APO) frameworks target task accuracy exclusively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Deep Shah , Sanket Badhe , Nehal Kathrotia , Priyanka Tiwari

Subword regularization, used widely in NLP, improves model performance by reducing the dependency on exact tokenizations, augmenting the training corpus, and exposing the model to more unique contexts during training. BPE and MaxMatch, two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Marco Cognetta , Vilém Zouhar , Naoaki Okazaki