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Multi-agent systems are characterized by environmental uncertainty, varying policies of agents, and partial observability, which result in significant risks. In the context of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), learning coordinated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Siqi Shen , Chennan Ma , Chao Li , Weiquan Liu , Yongquan Fu , Songzhu Mei , Xinwang Liu , Cheng Wang

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, a collection of agents learns to interact in a shared environment to achieve a common goal. We propose the use of reward machines (RM) -- Mealy machines used as structured representations…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Cyrus Neary , Zhe Xu , Bo Wu , Ufuk Topcu

The Q-learning algorithm is known to be affected by the maximization bias, i.e. the systematic overestimation of action values, an important issue that has recently received renewed attention. Double Q-learning has been proposed as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Rong Zhu , Mattia Rigotti

Full-sampling (e.g., Q-learning) and pure-expectation (e.g., Expected Sarsa) algorithms are efficient and frequently used techniques in reinforcement learning. Q$(\sigma,\lambda)$ is the first approach unifies them with eligibility trace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Long Yang , Yu Zhang , Qian Zheng , Pengfei Li , Gang Pan

A major challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is the curse of multiagents, where the size of the joint action space scales exponentially with the number of agents. This remains to be a bottleneck for designing efficient MARL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Chi Jin , Qinghua Liu , Yuanhao Wang , Tiancheng Yu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a promising paradigm for coordinating multi-agent systems (MAS). However, most existing methods rely on restrictive assumptions, such as a fixed number of agents and fully synchronous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yexin Li , Jinjin Guo , Haoyu Zhang , Yuhan Zhao , Yiwen Sun , Zihao Jiao

Online reinforcement learning in complex tasks is time-consuming, as massive interaction steps are needed to learn the optimal Q-function.Vision-language action (VLA) policies represent a promising direction for solving diverse tasks;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xiefeng Wu , Jing Zhao , Shu Zhang , Mingyu Hu

Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) relies on neural networks with numerous parameters in multi-agent scenarios, often incurring substantial computational overhead. Consequently, there is an urgent need to expedite training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Pihe Hu , Shaolong Li , Zhuoran Li , Ling Pan , Longbo Huang

Q-learning (QL), a common reinforcement learning algorithm, suffers from over-estimation bias due to the maximization term in the optimal Bellman operator. This bias may lead to sub-optimal behavior. Double-Q-learning tackles this issue by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Oren Peer , Chen Tessler , Nadav Merlis , Ron Meir

We derive a family of risk-sensitive reinforcement learning methods for agents, who face sequential decision-making tasks in uncertain environments. By applying a utility function to the temporal difference (TD) error, nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-10 Yun Shen , Michael J. Tobia , Tobias Sommer , Klaus Obermayer

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a popular vision foundation model; however, its high computational and memory demands make deployment on resource-constrained devices challenging. While Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Navin Ranjan , Andreas Savakis

Credit assignment remains a fundamental challenge in multi agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and is commonly addressed through value decomposition under the centralized training with decentralized ex ecution (CTDE) paradigm. However,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuanjun Li , Zhouyang Jiang , Bin Zhang , Mingchao Zhang , Junhao Zhao , Zhiwei Xu

Applying Q-learning to high-dimensional or continuous action spaces can be difficult due to the required maximization over the set of possible actions. Motivated by techniques from amortized inference, we replace the expensive maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Tom Van de Wiele , David Warde-Farley , Andriy Mnih , Volodymyr Mnih

Learning to imitate expert behavior from demonstrations can be challenging, especially in environments with high-dimensional, continuous observations and unknown dynamics. Supervised learning methods based on behavioral cloning (BC) suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Siddharth Reddy , Anca D. Dragan , Sergey Levine

We methodologically address the problem of Q-value overestimation in deep reinforcement learning to handle high-dimensional state spaces efficiently. By adapting concepts from information theory, we introduce an intrinsic penalty signal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Felix Leibfried , Jordi Grau-Moya , Haitham Bou-Ammar

We study Byzantine-resilient distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where agents must collaboratively learn optimal value functions over a compromised communication network. Existing resilient MARL approaches typically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Haejoon Lee , Dimitra Panagou

In recent years, $Q$-learning has become indispensable for model-free reinforcement learning (MFRL). However, it suffers from well-known problems such as under- and overestimation bias of the value, which may adversely affect the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Youngmin Oh , Jinwoo Shin , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Q-learning suffers from overestimation bias, because it approximates the maximum action value using the maximum estimated action value. Algorithms have been proposed to reduce overestimation bias, but we lack an understanding of how bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Qingfeng Lan , Yangchen Pan , Alona Fyshe , Martha White

Finding the optimal signal timing strategy is a difficult task for the problem of large-scale traffic signal control (TSC). Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising method to solve this problem. However, there is still room…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Xiaoqiang Wang , Liangjun Ke , Zhimin Qiao , Xinghua Chai

Training for multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) is a time-consuming process caused by distribution shift of each agent. One drawback is that strategy of each agent in MARL is independent but actually in cooperation. Thus, a vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Ke Zhang , DanDan Zhu , Qiuhan Xu , Hao Zhou , Ce Zheng