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The quickly growing popularity of AI companions poses risks to mental health, personal wellbeing, and social relationships. Past work has identified many individual factors that can drive human-companion interaction, but we know little…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Fiona Li , Jacy Reese Anthis , Hayoun Noh

Despite the growing use of large language models (LLMs) in clinical dialogue systems, existing evaluations focus on task completion or fluency, offering little insight into the behavioral and risk management requirements essential for…

Chatbots systems, despite their popularity in today's HCI and CSCW research, fall short for one of the two reasons: 1) many of the systems use a rule-based dialog flow, thus they can only respond to a limited number of pre-defined inputs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Liuping Wang , Dakuo Wang , Feng Tian , Zhenhui Peng , Xiangmin Fan , Zhan Zhang , Shuai Ma , Mo Yu , Xiaojuan Ma , Hongan Wang

The integration of emotional support into various conversational scenarios presents profound societal benefits, such as social interactions, mental health counseling, and customer service. However, there are unsolved challenges that hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zhonghua Zheng , Lizi Liao , Yang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Recent advances in large language models have enabled mental health dialogue systems, yet existing approaches remain predominantly reactive, lacking systematic user state modeling for proactive therapeutic exploration. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sohhyung Park , Hyunji Kang , Sungzoon Cho , Dongil Kim

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate emotionally sensitive conversations, especially in mental health contexts, their ability to recognize and respond to high-risk situations becomes a matter of public safety. This study…

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

Despite the prevalence of sleep-tracking devices, many individuals struggle to translate data into actionable improvements in sleep health. Current methods often provide data-driven suggestions but may not be feasible and adaptive to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xingbo Wang , Janessa Griffith , Daniel A. Adler , Joey Castillo , Tanzeem Choudhury , Fei Wang

Each day, individuals set behavioral goals such as eating healthier, exercising regularly, or increasing productivity. While psychological frameworks (i.e., goal setting and implementation intentions) can be helpful, they often need…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michel Schimpf , Sebastian Maier , Anton Wyrowski , Lara Christoforakos , Stefan Feuerriegel , Thomas Bohné

Chatbots are software typically embedded in Web and Mobile applications designed to assist the user in a plethora of activities, from chit-chatting to task completion. They enable diverse forms of interactions, like text and voice commands.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Rocco Gianni Rapisarda , Davide Ginelli , Diego Clerissi , Leonardo Mariani

As Large Language Models are rapidly deployed across diverse applications from healthcare to financial advice, safety evaluation struggles to keep pace. Current benchmarks focus on single-turn interactions with generic policies, failing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Madhur Jindal , Hari Shrawgi , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

The emergence of Generative AI (Gen AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled more advanced chatbots capable of human-like interactions. However, these conversational agents introduce a broader set of operational risks that extend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Pedro Pinacho-Davidson , Fernando Gutierrez , Pablo Zapata , Rodolfo Vergara , Pablo Aqueveque

Large Language Models (LLMs) and AI chatbots are increasingly used for emotional and mental health support due to their low cost, immediacy, and accessibility. However, when safety guardrails are triggered, conversations may be abruptly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yang Ni , Tong Yang

In recent times, a large number of people have been involved in establishing their own businesses. Unlike humans, chatbots can serve multiple customers at a time, are available 24/7 and reply in less than a fraction of a second. Though…

Conversational systems or chatbots are an example of AI-Infused Applications (AIIA). Chatbots are especially important as they are often the first interaction of clients with a business and are the entry point of a business into the AI…

Online harms are a growing problem in digital spaces, putting user safety at risk and reducing trust in social media platforms. One of the most persistent forms of harm is hate speech. To address this, we need tools that combine the speed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Paloma Piot , Diego Sánchez , Javier Parapar

Chatbots are increasingly integrated into people's lives and are widely used to help people. Recently, there has also been growing interest in the reverse direction-humans help chatbots-due to a wide range of benefits including better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jingshu Li , Zicheng Zhu , Renwen Zhang , Yi-Chieh Lee

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) chatbots built for mental health could deliver safe, personalized, and scalable mental health support. We evaluate a foundation model designed for mental health. Adults completed mental health…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Thomas D. Hull , Lizhe Zhang , Patricia A. Arean , Matteo Malgaroli

Most existing dialogue systems fail to respond properly to potentially unsafe user utterances by either ignoring or passively agreeing with them. To address this issue, we introduce ProsocialDialog, the first large-scale multi-turn dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Hyunwoo Kim , Youngjae Yu , Liwei Jiang , Ximing Lu , Daniel Khashabi , Gunhee Kim , Yejin Choi , Maarten Sap

This paper introduces ChatbotManip, a novel dataset for studying manipulation in Chatbots. It contains simulated generated conversations between a chatbot and a (simulated) user, where the chatbot is explicitly asked to showcase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jack Contro , Simrat Deol , Yulan He , Martim Brandão