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Conventionally, generation of natural language for dialogue agents may be viewed as a statistical learning problem: determine the patterns in human-provided data and generate appropriate responses with similar statistical properties.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Siddharth Verma , Justin Fu , Mengjiao Yang , Sergey Levine

To increase social bonding with interlocutors, humans naturally acquire the ability to respond appropriately in a given situation by considering which conversational skill is most suitable for the response - a process we call skill-of-mind.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Young-Jun Lee , Dokyong Lee , Junyoung Youn , Kyeongjin Oh , Ho-Jin Choi

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has facilitated their transformation into conversational chatbots that can grasp contextual nuances and generate pertinent sentences, closely mirroring human values through advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Seongmin Park , Sukjin Hong , Minsoo Kim , Du-Seong Chang , Jungwook Choi

With extensive pre-trained knowledge and high-level general capabilities, large language models (LLMs) emerge as a promising avenue to augment reinforcement learning (RL) in aspects such as multi-task learning, sample efficiency, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yuji Cao , Huan Zhao , Yuheng Cheng , Ting Shu , Yue Chen , Guolong Liu , Gaoqi Liang , Junhua Zhao , Jinyue Yan , Yun Li

Cross-domain task-oriented dialogue requires reasoning over implicit and explicit feasibility constraints while planning long-horizon, multi-turn actions. Large language models (LLMs) can infer such constraints but are unreliable over long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yangyang Zhao , Linfan Dai , Li Cai , Bowen Xing , Libo Qin

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted various domains, especially through organized LLM-driven autonomous agents. A representative scenario is in software development, where agents can collaborate in a team like humans,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhuoyun Du , Chen Qian , Wei Liu , Zihao Xie , YiFei Wang , Rennai Qiu , Yufan Dang , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Ye Tian , Xuantang Xiong , Lei Han

Large language model (LLM) agents need to perform multi-turn interactions in real-world tasks. However, existing multi-turn RL algorithms for optimizing LLM agents fail to perform effective credit assignment over multiple turns while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yifei Zhou , Song Jiang , Yuandong Tian , Jason Weston , Sergey Levine , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Xian Li

Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in planning and executing multi-step interactions within complex web-based environments, fulfilling a wide range of web navigation tasks. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yang Deng , Xuan Zhang , Wenxuan Zhang , Yifei Yuan , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

LLM-based agents have made significant advancements in interactive environments, such as mobile operations and web browsing, and other domains beyond computer using. Current multi-agent systems universally excel in performance, compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhitao He , Zijun Liu , Peng Li , Yi R. Fung , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

By enabling agents to communicate, recent cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have demonstrated better task performance and more coordinated behavior. Most existing approaches facilitate inter-agent communication…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yat Long Lo , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Samuel Sokota , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown great potential in executing complex tasks, but coordination and safety remain significant challenges. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) offers a promising framework for agent collaboration, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ziqi Jia , Junjie Li , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Designing an effective communication mechanism among agents in reinforcement learning has been a challenging task, especially for real-world applications. The number of agents can grow or an environment sometimes needs to interact with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei Wei , Da-Cheng Juan , Min Sun

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly utilized in AI-aided education to support tutoring and learning. Effective communication strategies among LLM agents improve collaborative problem-solving efficiency and facilitate…

Enhancing user engagement through interactions plays an essential role in socially-driven dialogues. While prior works have optimized models to reason over relevant knowledge or plan a dialogue act flow, the relationship between user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jiashuo Wang , Kaitao Song , Chunpu Xu , Changhe Song , Yang Xiao , Dongsheng Li , Lili Qiu , Wenjie Li

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has greatly enhanced the capabilities of software agents. Instead of relying on rule-based interactions, agents can now interact in flexible ways akin to humans. However, this flexibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Joar Sabel , Mattias Wingren , Andreas Lundell , Sören Andersson , Sara Rosenberg , Susanne Hägglund , Linda Estman , Malin Andtfolk

Large language model (LLM) agents that follow the sequential "reason-then-act" paradigm have achieved superior performance in many complex tasks.However, these methods suffer from limited exploration and incomplete environmental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junshuo Zhang , Chengrui Huang , Feng Guo , Zihan Li , Ke Shi , Menghua Jiang , Jiguo Yu , Shuo Shang , Shen Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human users in interactive settings such as therapy, education, and social role-play. While these simulations enable scalable training and evaluation of AI agents, off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Donovan Clay , Tim Althoff , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques

Multi-agent collaboration has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for addressing complex, distributed tasks in large language model (LLM)-driven applications. While prior research has focused on high-level architectural frameworks, the granular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haochun Wang , Sendong Zhao , Jingbo Wang , Zewen Qiang , Bing Qin , Ting Liu