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Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-scale corpora, raising growing concerns about privacy and copyright. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a given example was used during training. Existing LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ravi Ranjan , Utkarsh Grover , Xiaomin Lin , Agoritsa Polyzou

Machine learning (ML) models trained by differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) have much lower utility than the non-private ones. To mitigate this degradation, we propose a DP Laplacian smoothing SGD (DP-LSSGD) to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Bao Wang , Quanquan Gu , March Boedihardjo , Farzin Barekat , Stanley J. Osher

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) has been widely adopted in deep learning to provide rigorously defined privacy, which requires gradient clipping to bound the maximum norm of individual gradients and additive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Junyi Zhu , Matthew B. Blaschko

In the arena of privacy-preserving machine learning, differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) has outstripped the objective perturbation mechanism in popularity and interest. Though unrivaled in versatility, DP-SGD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Rachel Redberg , Antti Koskela , Yu-Xiang Wang

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DPSGD) is widely used to protect sensitive data during the training of machine learning models, but its privacy guarantee often comes at a large cost of model performance due to the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hao Liang , Wanrong Zhang , Xinlei He , Kaishun Wu , Hong Xing

Neural models for vulnerability prediction (VP) have achieved impressive performance by learning from large-scale code repositories. However, their susceptibility to Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), where adversaries aim to infer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yihan Liao , Jacky Keung , Xiaoxue Ma , Jingyu Zhang , Yicheng Sun

Personalized privacy becomes critical in deep learning for Trustworthy AI. While Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) is widely used in deep learning methods supporting privacy, it provides the same level of privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Geon Heo , Junseok Seo , Steven Euijong Whang

Differential privacy (DP) provides a formal privacy guarantee that prevents adversaries with access to machine learning models from extracting information about individual training points. Differentially private stochastic gradient descent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Jie Fu , Zhili Chen , XinPeng Ling

NLP models trained with differential privacy (DP) usually adopt the DP-SGD framework, and privacy guarantees are often reported in terms of the privacy budget $\epsilon$. However, $\epsilon$ does not have any intrinsic meaning, and it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Pedro Faustini , Natasha Fernandes , Annabelle McIver , Mark Dras

When training a machine learning model with differential privacy, one sets a privacy budget. This budget represents a maximal privacy violation that any user is willing to face by contributing their data to the training set. We argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Franziska Boenisch , Christopher Mühl , Adam Dziedzic , Roy Rinberg , Nicolas Papernot

Deep learning models have been extensively adopted in various regions due to their ability to represent hierarchical features, which highly rely on the training set and procedures. Thus, protecting the training process and deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Haodi Wang , Tangyu Jiang , Yu Guo , Chengjun Cai , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

Differential Privacy (DP) is a key property to protect data and models from integrity attacks. In the Deep Learning (DL) field, it is commonly implemented through the Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Jiménez-López , Daniel , Rodríguez-Barroso , Nuria , Luzón , M. Victoria , Herrera , Francisco

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) is the canonical approach to private deep learning. While the current privacy analysis of DP-SGD is known to be tight in some settings, several empirical results suggest that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Anvith Thudi , Hengrui Jia , Casey Meehan , Ilia Shumailov , Nicolas Papernot

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) has become a widely used technique for safeguarding sensitive information in deep learning applications. Unfortunately, DPSGD's per-sample gradient clipping and uniform noise…

Differentially private SGD (DP-SGD) is one of the most popular methods for solving differentially private empirical risk minimization (ERM). Due to its noisy perturbation on each gradient update, the error rate of DP-SGD scales with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yingxue Zhou , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Arindam Banerjee

Training generative models with differential privacy (DP) typically involves injecting noise into gradient updates or adapting the discriminator's training procedure. As a result, such approaches often struggle with hyper-parameter tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kristjan Greenewald , Yuancheng Yu , Hao Wang , Kai Xu

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical threat to the privacy of training data in deep learning. Despite significant progress in attack methodologies, our understanding of when and how models encode membership information during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuetian Chen , Zhiqi Wang , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Lei Yu

Traditionally, the random noise is equally injected when training with different data instances in the field of differential privacy (DP). In this paper, we first give sharper excess risk bounds of DP stochastic gradient descent (SGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yilin Kang , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Weiping Wang

In recent years, the widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS), particularly in sensitive environments, has raised considerable privacy concerns. Of particular importance are membership inference attacks (MIAs), which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Osama Zafar , Shaojie Zhan , Tianxi Ji , Erman Ayday

The vanilla Differentially-Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD), including DP-Adam and other variants, ensures the privacy of training data by uniformly distributing privacy costs across training steps. The equivalent privacy costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Jian Du , Song Li , Xiangyi Chen , Siheng Chen , Mingyi Hong