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Methods with adaptive stepsizes, such as AdaGrad and Adam, are essential for training modern Deep Learning models, especially Large Language Models. Typically, the noise in the stochastic gradients is heavy-tailed for the later ones.…

Differential privacy (DP) provides a provable framework for protecting individuals by customizing a random mechanism over a privacy-sensitive dataset. Deep learning models have demonstrated privacy risks in model exposure as an established…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yu Zheng , Wenchao Zhang , Yonggang Zhang , Yuxiang Peng , Wei Song , Kai Zhou , Xiaojiang Du , Bo Han

Machine learning models can be trained with formal privacy guarantees via differentially private optimizers such as DP-SGD. In this work, we focus on a threat model where the adversary has access only to the final model, with no visibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tudor Cebere , Aurélien Bellet , Nicolas Papernot

Machine learning (ML) models trained by differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) have much lower utility than the non-private ones. To mitigate this degradation, we propose a DP Laplacian smoothing SGD (DP-LSSGD) to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Bao Wang , Quanquan Gu , March Boedihardjo , Farzin Barekat , Stanley J. Osher

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) is widely used to protect training data in machine learning. Its privacy guarantee is commonly analyzed through a security game in which an adversary infers whether a target record…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Wenhao Wang , Shujie Cui , Hui Cui , Xingliang Yuan

Models need to be trained with privacy-preserving learning algorithms to prevent leakage of possibly sensitive information contained in their training data. However, canonical algorithms like differentially private stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Yannis Cattan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Nicolas Papernot , Abhradeep Thakurta

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) is a standard method for enforcing privacy in deep learning, typically using the Gaussian mechanism to perturb gradient updates. However, conventional mechanisms such as Gaussian…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qin Yang , Nicholas Stout , Meisam Mohammady , Han Wang , Ayesha Samreen , Christopher J Quinn , Yan Yan , Ashish Kundu , Yuan Hong

Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) is one of the core techniques behind the success of deep neural networks. The gradient provides information on the direction in which a function has the steepest rate of change. The main problem with basic…

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) forms a fundamental building block in many applications for learning over sensitive data. Two standard approaches, privacy amplification by subsampling, and privacy amplification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Borja Balle , Peter Kairouz , H. Brendan McMahan , Om Thakkar , Abhradeep Thakurta

In Embedding-as-an-Interface (EaaI) settings, pre-trained models are queried for Intermediate Representations (IRs). The distributional properties of IRs can leak training-set membership signals, enabling Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayang Meng , Tao Huang , Chen Hou , Guolong Zheng , Hong Chen

Privacy noise may negate the benefits of using adaptive optimizers in differentially private model training. Prior works typically address this issue by using auxiliary information (e.g., public data) to boost the effectiveness of adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Tian Li , Manzil Zaheer , Ken Ziyu Liu , Sashank J. Reddi , H. Brendan McMahan , Virginia Smith

Differentially private (DP) release of multidimensional statistics typically considers an aggregate sensitivity, e.g. the vector norm of a high-dimensional vector. However, different dimensions of that vector might have widely different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-31 Joonas Jälkö , Lukas Prediger , Antti Honkela , Samuel Kaski

Differentially private (DP) contrastive learning aims to learn general-purpose representations from sensitive data, alleviating the privacy leakage concerns of organizations deploying or sharing embedding models trained on private user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Kecen Li , Chen Gong , Zinan Lin , Tianhao Wang , Xiaokui Xiao

Tabular generative adversarial networks (TGAN) have recently emerged to cater to the need of synthesizing tabular data -- the most widely used data format. While synthetic tabular data offers the advantage of complying with privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Aditya Kunar , Robert Birke , Zilong Zhao , Lydia Chen

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) is the standard algorithm for training machine learning models under differential privacy (DP). The most common DP-SGD privacy accountants rely on Poisson subsampling to ensure the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sebastian Rodriguez Beltran , Marlon Tobaben , Joonas Jälkö , Niki Loppi , Antti Honkela

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly adapted to downstream tasks through fine-tuning, but fine-tuning data often contains sensitive information that may be leaked by the resulting model. Differential privacy (DP) offers formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haichao Sha , Zihao Wang , Yuncheng Wu , Hong Chen , Wei Dong

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative frameworks with widespread applications across machine learning and artificial intelligence systems. While current research has predominantly focused on linear diffusions, these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Kulunu Dharmakeerthi , Yousef El-Laham , Henry H. Wong , Vamsi K. Potluru , Changhong He , Taosong He

Scalability is a significant challenge when it comes to applying differential privacy to training deep neural networks. The commonly used DP-SGD algorithm struggles to maintain a high level of privacy protection while achieving high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kamil Adamczewski , Yingchen He , Mijung Park

Federated Learning (FL) allows for the training of Machine Learning models in a collaborative manner without the need to share sensitive data. However, it remains vulnerable to Gradient Leakage Attacks (GLAs), which can reveal private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana , Unai Zulaika , Rubén Sánchez-Corcuera , Aitor Almeida

Loss spikes remain a persistent obstacle in large-scale language model pretraining. While previous research has attempted to identify the root cause of loss spikes by investigating individual factors, we observe that, in practice, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Guoxia Wang , Shuai Li , Congliang Chen , Jinle Zeng , Jiabin Yang , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma , Li Shen