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Recent progress in flow-based generative models and reinforcement learning (RL) has improved text-image alignment and visual quality. However, current RL training for flow models still has two main problems: (i) GRPO-style fixed per-prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kaijie Chen , Zhiyang Xu , Ying Shen , Zihao Lin , Yuguang Yao , Lifu Huang

The scaling of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized their capabilities in various tasks, yet this growth must be matched with efficient computational strategies. The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture stands out for its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zihan Qiu , Zeyu Huang , Shuang Cheng , Yizhi Zhou , Zili Wang , Ivan Titov , Jie Fu

Item-to-Item (I2I) recommendation models are widely used in real-world systems due to their scalability, real-time capabilities, and high recommendation quality. Research to enhance I2I performance focuses on two directions: 1)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yinfu Feng , Yanjing Wu , Rong Xiao , Xiaoyi Zen

The rapid advancement toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has significantly intensified the complexity and scale of optimization problems, including resource allocation and trajectory design, often formulated as combinatorial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Bisheng Wei , Ruihong Jiang , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato , Yaohua Sun , Yang Lu , Yonghui Li , Shiwen Mao , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mugen Peng

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

The rapid advancement in Large Language Models has been met with significant challenges in their training processes, primarily due to their considerable computational and memory demands. This research examines parallelization techniques…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ishan Patwardhan , Shubham Gandhi , Om Khare , Amit Joshi , Suraj Sawant

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly pivotal in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Access to pre-trained models, courtesy of the open-source community, has made it possible to adapt these models to specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Kai Lv , Shuo Zhang , Tianle Gu , Shuhao Xing , Jiawei Hong , Keyu Chen , Xiaoran Liu , Yuqing Yang , Honglin Guo , Tengxiao Liu , Yu Sun , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu

Modern RL-based post-training for large language models (LLMs) co-locate trajectory sampling and policy optimisation on the same GPU cluster, forcing the system to switch between inference and training workloads. This serial context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jie Xiao , Changyuan Fan , Qingnan Ren , Alfred Long , Yuchen Zhang , Rymon Yu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Shaoduo Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) process every token through all layers of a transformer stack, causing wasted computation on simple queries and insufficient flexibility for harder ones that need deeper reasoning. Adaptive-depth methods can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmed Heakl , Martin Gubri , Salman Khan , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh

This critical review provides an in-depth analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs), encompassing their foundational principles, diverse applications, and advanced training methodologies. We critically examine the evolution from Recurrent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Milad Moradi , Ke Yan , David Colwell , Matthias Samwald , Rhona Asgari

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the scientific ecosystem raises fundamental questions about the creativity and originality of AI-generated research. Recent work has identified ``smart plagiarism'' as a concern in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Devesh Saraogi , Rohit Singhee , Dhruv Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for query reformulation and expansion in Information Retrieval, with many studies reporting substantial effectiveness gains. However, these results are typically obtained under heterogeneous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Amin Bigdeli , Radin Hamidi Rad , Hai Son Le , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

Generative AI (GenAI) has enormous potential for improving two critical areas in investing, namely portfolio optimization (choosing the best combination of assets) and risk management (protecting those investments). Our study works at this…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Abrar Hossain , Mufakir Qamar Ansari , Haziq Jeelani , Monia Digra , Fayeq Jeelani Syed

The overarching research direction of this work is the development of a ''Responsible Intelligence'' framework designed to reconcile the immense generative power of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the stringent requirements of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated prowess in a wide range of tasks. However, many LLMs exhibit significant performance discrepancies between high- and low-resource languages. To mitigate this challenge, we present FuxiTranyu,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoran Sun , Renren Jin , Shaoyang Xu , Leiyu Pan , Supryadi , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Yikun Lei , Lei Yang , Ling Shi , Juesi Xiao , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated the adoption of distributed training techniques, involving the deployment of thousands of GPUs to train a single model. Unfortunately, the efficiency of large-scale distributed…

The rapid escalation in the parameter count of large language models (LLMs) has transformed model training from a single-node endeavor into a highly intricate, cross-node activity. While frameworks such as Megatron-LM successfully integrate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Bohan Zhao , Guang Yang , Shuo Chen , Ruitao Liu , Tingrui Zhang , Yongchao He , Wei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

The advent of the Transformer architecture has propelled the growth of natural language processing (NLP) models, leading to remarkable achievements in numerous NLP tasks. Yet, the absence of specialized hardware like expansive GPU memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xiaofeng Wu , Jia Rao , Wei Chen