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Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

Predicting causal structure from time series data is crucial for understanding complex phenomena in physiology, brain connectivity, climate dynamics, and socio-economic behaviour. Causal discovery in time series is hindered by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Pedro P. Sanchez , Damian Machlanski , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Deep learning implemented via neural networks, has revolutionized machine learning by providing methods for complex tasks such as object detection/classification and prediction. However, architectures based on deep neural networks have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Nanjangud C. Narendra , Nithin Nagaraj

Constraint-based causal discovery is widely used for learning causal structures, but heavy reliance on conditional independence (CI) testing makes it computationally expensive in high-dimensional settings. To mitigate this limitation, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Li , Feng Xie , Shenglan Nie , Xichen Guo , Ruxin Wang , Hao Zhang

Causal discovery aims to learn causal relationships between variables from targeted data, making it a fundamental task in machine learning. However, causal discovery algorithms often rely on unverifiable causal assumptions, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Huiyang Yi , Yanyan He , Duxin Chen , Mingyu Kang , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

This paper introduces a new framework for recovering causal graphs from observational data, leveraging the observation that the distribution of an effect, conditioned on its causes, remains invariant to changes in the prior distribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nang Hung Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Thao Nguyen Truong , Trong Nghia Hoang , Masashi Sugiyama

Uncovering cause-effect relationships from observational time series is fundamental to understanding complex systems. While many methods infer static causal graphs, real-world systems often exhibit dynamic causality-where relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Tingzhu Bi , Yicheng Pan , Xinrui Jiang , Huize Sun , Meng Ma , Ping Wang

Causal discovery from time series data encompasses many existing solutions, including those based on deep learning techniques. However, these methods typically do not endorse one of the most prevalent paradigms in deep learning: End-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Gideon Stein , Maha Shadaydeh , Joachim Denzler

Causal discovery is essential for advancing data-driven fields such as scientific AI and data analysis, yet existing approaches face significant time- and space-efficiency bottlenecks when scaling to large graphs. To address this challenge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bo Peng , Sirui Chen , Jiaguo Tian , Yu Qiao , Chaochao Lu

Understanding which parts of a dynamical system cause each other is extremely relevant in fundamental and applied sciences. However, inferring causal links from observational data, namely without direct manipulations of the system, is still…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-27 Matteo Allione , Vittorio Del Tatto , Alessandro Laio

Understanding causal relationships in multivariate time series is essential for predicting and controlling dynamic systems in fields like economics, neuroscience, and climate science. However, existing causal discovery methods often assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Abdellah Rahmani , Pascal Frossard

Causal discovery is a data-driven paradigm for analyzing complex systems, while physics-based models, such as ordinary differential equations (ODEs), provide mechanistic structure for real-world dynamical processes. Integrating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jianhong Chen , Naichen Shi , Xubo Yue

We study the problem of experiment design to learn causal structures from interventional data. We consider an active learning setting in which the experimenter decides to intervene on one of the variables in the system in each step and uses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Amir Amirinezhad , Saber Salehkaleybar , Matin Hashemi

Imitation learning enables high-fidelity, vision-based learning of policies within rich, photorealistic environments. However, such techniques often rely on traditional discrete-time neural models and face difficulties in generalizing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Charles Vorbach , Ramin Hasani , Alexander Amini , Mathias Lechner , Daniela Rus

We study causal discovery from observational data in linear Gaussian systems affected by \emph{mixed latent confounding}, where some unobserved factors act broadly across many variables while others influence only small subsets. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Amir Asiaee , Samhita Pal , James O'quinn , James P. Long

Causal modeling has long been an attractive topic for many researchers and in recent decades there has seen a surge in theoretical development and discovery algorithms. Generally discovery algorithms can be divided into two approaches:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-06 Ridho Rahmadi , Perry Groot , Marianne Heins , Hans Knoop , Tom Heskes

Multivariate Hawkes process provides a powerful framework for modeling temporal dependencies and event-driven interactions in complex systems. While existing methods primarily focus on uncovering causal structures among observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Songyao Jin , Biwei Huang

Causal discovery is the subfield of causal inference concerned with estimating the structure of cause-and-effect relationships in a system of interrelated variables, as opposed to quantifying the strength or describing the form of causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Rebecca F. Supple , Hannah Worthington , Ben Swallow

Understanding causality helps to structure interventions to achieve specific goals and enables predictions under interventions. With the growing importance of learning causal relationships, causal discovery tasks have transitioned from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Hang Chen , Keqing Du , Xinyu Yang , Chenguang Li

In this review, we discuss approaches for learning causal structure from data, also called causal discovery. In particular, we focus on approaches for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and various generalizations which allow for some…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Chandler Squires , Caroline Uhler