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Diffusion models for continuous state spaces based on Gaussian noising processes are now relatively well understood from both practical and theoretical perspectives. In contrast, results for diffusion models on discrete state spaces remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Le-Tuyet-Nhi Pham , Gael Raoul

Diffusion models over discrete spaces have recently shown striking empirical success, yet their theoretical foundations remain incomplete. In this paper, we study the sampling efficiency of score-based discrete diffusion models under a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Daniil Dmitriev , Zhihan Huang , Yuting Wei

Diffusion models have achieved great success in generating high-dimensional samples across various applications. While the theoretical guarantees for continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied, the convergence analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zikun Zhang , Zixiang Chen , Quanquan Gu

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that revolve around the estimation of the score function associated with a stochastic differential equation. Subsequent to its acquisition, the approximated score function is then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Marta Gentiloni Silveri

Training neural samplers directly from unnormalized densities without access to target distribution samples presents a significant challenge. A critical desideratum in these settings is achieving comprehensive mode coverage, ensuring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chenguang Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Kaiyuan Cui , Weichen Zhao , Yongtao Guan , Tianshu Yu

Discrete diffusion models have recently gained significant prominence in applications involving natural language and graph data. A key factor influencing their effectiveness is the efficiency of discretized samplers. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yuchen Liang , Yingbin Liang , Lifeng Lai , Ness Shroff

We explore an alternative method to the usual shear correlation function approach for the estimation of aperture mass statistics in weak lensing survey data. Our approach builds on the direct estimator method of Schneider (1998). In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Lucas Porth , Robert E. Smith , Patrick Simon , Laura Marian , Stefan Hilbert

Discrete flow models (DFMs) have been proposed to learn the data distribution on finite state space, offering a flexible framework as an alternative to discrete diffusion models. A line of recent work has studied samplers for discrete…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Zhengyan Wan , Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Fang Fang , Guang Cheng

Discrete state space diffusion models have shown significant advantages in applications involving discrete data, such as text and image generation. It has also been observed that their performance is highly sensitive to the choice of rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yuchen Liang , Renxiang Huang , Lifeng Lai , Ness Shroff , Yingbin Liang

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, but their practical use often depends on training neural networks to approximate the score function. Training-free diffusion models provide an attractive alternative by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Pengjun Wang , Zezhong Zhang , Minglei Yang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

Discretization of continuous-time diffusion processes is a widely recognized method for sampling. However, it seems to be a considerable restriction when the potentials are often required to be smooth (gradient Lipschitz). This paper…

Computation · Statistics 2022-02-23 Dao Nguyen

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

This is the second part of study on the optimal convergence rate of the explicit Euler discretization in time for the convection-diffusion equations [Appl. Math. Lett. \textbf{131} (2022) 108048] which focuses on high-dimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Qifeng Zhang , Jiyuan Zhang , Zhi-zhong Sun

Score-matching generative models have proven successful at sampling from complex high-dimensional data distributions. In many applications, this distribution is believed to concentrate on a much lower $d$-dimensional manifold embedded into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-25 Peter Potaptchik , Iskander Azangulov , George Deligiannidis

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools in generative modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. In this work, we focus on the Wasserstein convergence analysis of score-based diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Yifeng Yu , Lu Yu

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a popular research topic for generative modeling of discrete data, thanks to their superior performance over other discrete diffusion models, and are rivaling the auto-regressive models (ARMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Kaiwen Zheng , Yongxin Chen , Hanzi Mao , Ming-Yu Liu , Jun Zhu , Qinsheng Zhang

The recent, impressive advances in algorithmic generation of high-fidelity image, audio, and video are largely due to great successes in score-based diffusion models. A key implementing step is score matching, that is, the estimation of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-12 Zehao Dou , Subhodh Kotekal , Zhehao Xu , Harrison H. Zhou

Discrete diffusion has become a leading framework for generative modeling in various applications including language, vision, and biology. Existing convergence theory, however, exhibits fundamental limitations. KL-based analyses diverge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kelvin Kan , Xingjian Li , Benjamin J. Zhang , Tuhin Sahai , Stanley Osher , Markos A. Katsoulakis

In this work, we consider the development of implicit explicit total variation diminishing (TVD) methods (also termed SSP: strong stability preserving) for the compressible isentropic Euler system in the low Mach number regime. The scheme…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-08-01 Giacomo Dimarco , Raphaël Loubère , Victor Michel-Dansac , Marie-Hélène Vignal
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