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This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Manaal Faruqui , Siddharth Gopal

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Energy-efficient software helps improve mobile device experiences and reduce the carbon footprint of data centers. However, energy goals are often de-prioritized in order to meet other requirements. We take inspiration from recent work…

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…

With the rising popularity of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), reducing their high inference costs has become a significant research focus. One effective approach is to compress the long input contexts. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xiangfeng Wang , Zaiyi Chen , Zheyong Xie , Tong Xu , Yongyi He , Enhong Chen

The burgeoning field of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by sophisticated models like OpenAI's ChatGPT, represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence. These models, however, bring forth substantial challenges in…

The growing demand for intelligent applications beyond the network edge, coupled with the need for sustainable operation, are driving the seamless integration of deep learning (DL) algorithms into energy-limited, and even energy-harvesting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Marcello Bullo , Seifallah Jardak , Pietro Carnelli , Deniz Gündüz

With the ubiquitous use of modern large language models (LLMs) across industries, the inference serving for these models is ever expanding. Given the high compute and memory requirements of modern LLMs, more and more top-of-the-line GPUs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jovan Stojkovic , Esha Choukse , Chaojie Zhang , Inigo Goiri , Josep Torrellas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of many real-world workflows. However, LLMs consume a lot of energy, which becomes a large concern in the scale of the demand for these tools. As LLMs become integrated into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Katelyn Crumpacker , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

We present a production-optimized multi-agent system designed to translate natural language queries into executable Python code for structured data analytics. Unlike systems that rely on expensive frontier models, our approach achieves high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Harmohit Singh

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

Scaling language models to handle longer contexts introduces substantial memory challenges due to the growing cost of key-value (KV) caches. Motivated by the efficiency gains of hybrid models and the broad availability of pretrained large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wei Gao , Min Lin

Large language models (LLMs), especially generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs), have recently demonstrated outstanding ability in information comprehension and problem-solving. This has motivated many studies in applying LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Han Zhang , Akram Bin Sediq , Ali Afana , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Large language models (LMs) are typically adapted to improve performance on new contexts (\eg text prompts that define new tasks or domains) through fine-tuning or prompting. However, there is an accuracy compute tradeoff -- fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Tong Chen , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Xiaodong Liu , Benjamin Van Durme , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jianfeng Gao , Hao Cheng

As multiple crises threaten the sustainability of our societies and pose at risk the planetary boundaries, complex challenges require timely, updated, and usable information. Natural-language processing (NLP) tools enhance and expand data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Francesca Larosa , Sergio Hoyas , H. Alberto Conejero , Javier Garcia-Martinez , Francesco Fuso Nerini , Ricardo Vinuesa

The rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced unprecedented energy demands, extending beyond training to large-scale inference workloads that often dominate total lifecycle consumption. Deploying these models requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Francisco Caravaca , Ángel Cuevas , Rubén Cuevas

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a strong capacity for in-context learning: Given labeled examples, they can generate good predictions without parameter updates. However, many interactive settings go beyond static prediction to online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emile Anand , Abdullah Ateyeh , Xinyuan Cao , Max Dabagia

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang