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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines have become the de-facto approach for building AI assistants with access to external, domain-specific knowledge. Given a user query, RAG pipelines typically first retrieve (R) relevant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Quentin Romero Lauro , Shreya Shankar , Sepanta Zeighami , Aditya Parameswaran

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in natural language processing but often generate factual errors when relying solely on parametric knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these errors by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhifeng Wang , Jason Jingshi Li , Kaihao Zhang , Ramesh Sankaranarayana

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often face limitations in specialized domains such as fintech, where domain-specific ontologies, dense terminology, and acronyms complicate effective retrieval and synthesis. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Cook , Richard Osuagwu , Liman Tsatiashvili , Vrynsia Vrynsia , Koustav Ghosal , Maraim Masoud , Riccardo Mattivi

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) improves correctness of Question Answering (QA) and addresses hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet greatly increase computational costs. Besides, RAG is not always needed as may introduce…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are prone to generating inaccurate or hallucinatory responses. This limitation stems from their reliance on vast pretraining datasets, making them susceptible to errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chi-Min Chan , Chunpu Xu , Ruibin Yuan , Hongyin Luo , Wei Xue , Yike Guo , Jie Fu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful method for enhancing natural language generation by integrating external knowledge into a model's output. While prior work has demonstrated the importance of improving knowledge retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiangci Li , Jessica Ouyang

Technology-enhanced learning environments often help students retrieve relevant learning content for questions arising during self-paced study. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as novel aids for information retrieval during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eason Chen , Chuangji Li , Shizhuo Li , Zimo Xiao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Accurately estimating query-item relevance is vital for e-commerce ranking and conversion. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning, they often lack specialized knowledge required for long-tail or fast-evolving queries,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tingqiao Xu , Shaowei Yao , Chenhe Dong , Yiming Jin , Zerui Huang , Dan Ou , Haihong Tang , Bo Zheng

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly use chunking strategies for retrieval, which enhance large language models (LLMs) by enabling them to access external knowledge, ensuring that the retrieved information is up-to-date and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hai Toan Nguyen , Tien Dat Nguyen , Viet Ha Nguyen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a prominent method for incorporating domain knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). While RAG enhances response relevance by incorporating retrieved domain knowledge in the context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kushagra Bhushan , Yatin Nandwani , Dinesh Khandelwal , Sonam Gupta , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Research question answering requires accurate retrieval and contextual understanding of scientific literature. However, current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods often struggle to balance complex document relationships with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zhongjie Dai , Allen Zhang , Abhinav Angirekula , Zheng Zhang , Liang Zhao

We designed a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system to provide large language models with relevant documents for answering domain-specific questions about Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). We extracted over 1,800…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Haojia Sun , Yaqi Wang , Shuting Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to mitigate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging external knowledge. While effective for simple queries, traditional RAG systems struggle with large-scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luyao Zhuang , Shengyuan Chen , Yilin Xiao , Huachi Zhou , Yujing Zhang , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Xiao Huang

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Ensuring factual accuracy while maintaining the creative capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LMAs) poses significant challenges in the development of intelligent agent systems. LMAs face prevalent issues such as information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Diego Sanmartin

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon often known as hallucination). Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) tries to reduce factual errors by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dobrik Georgiev , Kheeran Naidu , Alberto Cattaneo , Federico Monti , Carlo Luschi , Daniel Justus

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach to mitigate the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in answering domain-specific questions. Previous research has predominantly focused on improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Mohammad Hassan Heydari , Arshia Hemmat , Erfan Naman , Afsaneh Fatemi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to impressive progress in natural language generation, yet their tendency to produce hallucinated or unsubstantiated content remains a critical concern. To improve factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xukai Liu , Ye Liu , Shiwen Wu , Yanghai Zhang , Yihao Yuan , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han