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One of the main challenges for quantum computation is that while the number of gates required to perform a non-trivial quantum computation may be very large, decoherence and errors in realistic quantum architectures limit the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Alan Tran , Alex Bocharov , Bela Bauer , Parsa Bonderson

Quantum processors based on linear arrays of trapped ions have achieved exceptional performance, but scaling to large qubit numbers requires realizing two-dimensional ion arrays as envisioned in the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD)…

Quantum magic, quantified by nonstabilizerness, measures departures from stabilizer structure and underlies potential quantum speedups. We introduce an efficient classical framework for computing stabilizer R\'enyi entropies and stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zhenyu Xiao , Shinsei Ryu

In an ordinary quantum algorithm the gates are applied in a fixed order on the systems. The introduction of indefinite causal structures allows to relax this constraint and control the order of the gates with an additional quantum state. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Martin J. Renner , Časlav Brukner

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

The ability to implement any desired quantum logic gate on a quantum processing unit is equivalent to evolution-operator controllability of the qubits. Conversely, controllability analysis can be used to minimize the resources, i.e., the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Fernando Gago-Encinas , Monika Leibscher , Christiane P. Koch

In fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum error-correction one is interested on Pauli matrices that commute with a circuit/unitary. We provide a fast algorithm that decomposes any Clifford gate as a $\textit{minimal}$ product of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Tefjol Pllaha , Kalle Volanto , Olav Tirkkonen

As primitives for entanglement generation, controlled phase gates take a central role in quantum computing. Especially in ideas realizing instances of quantum computation in linear optical gate arrays a closer look can be rewarding. In such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 K. Kieling , J. L. O'Brien , J. Eisert

We present quantum algorithms to search for marked vertices in structured databases with low connectivity. Adopting a multi-stage search process, we achieve a success probability close to $100\%$ on Cayley trees with large branching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-16 Yunkai Wang , Shengjun Wu , Wei Wang

We estimate the success probability of quantum protocols composed of Clifford operations in the presence of Pauli errors. Our method is derived from the fault-point formalism previously used to determine the success rate of low-distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-26 Smitha Janardan , Yu Tomita , Mauricio Gutierrez , Kenneth R. Brown

A foundational assumption of quantum error correction theory is that quantum gates can be scaled to large processors without exceeding the error-threshold for fault tolerance. Two major challenges that could become fundamental roadblocks…

We describe a simple algorithm for sampling $n$-qubit Clifford operators uniformly at random. The algorithm outputs the Clifford operators in the form of quantum circuits with at most $5n + 2n^2$ elementary gates and a maximum depth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Ewout van den Berg

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

Several classes of quantum circuits have been shown to provide a quantum computational advantage under certain assumptions. The study of ever more restricted classes of quantum circuits capable of quantum advantage is motivated by possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Michael de Oliveira , Luís S. Barbosa , Ernesto F. Galvão

Applying single-qubit Clifford unitaries to a Pauli stabilizer code produces a Clifford-deformed variant whose stabilizers remain Pauli operators, but with locally rotated Pauli axes. Such deformations provide a simple way to tailor a fixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Jagannath Das , Sayandip Dhara , Pedro Medina , Arthur Pesah , Arpit Dua

The central challenge of quantum computing is implementing high-fidelity quantum gates at scale. However, many existing approaches to qubit control suffer from a scale-performance trade-off, impeding progress towards the creation of useful…

The study of the boundary between classically simulable and computationally complex quantum dynamics is fundamental to understanding which physical resources may enable enhanced information-processing capabilities. We investigate this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Matias Karjula , Tapio Ala-Nissila

We address the circuit-design problem of maximizing quantum magic in early fault-tolerant quantum computing (early FTQC), where logical dynamics natively take the form of alternating Clifford layers and diagonal non-Clifford layers. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Hsueh-Hao Lu , Yasunari Suzuki , Yasunobu Nakamura , En-Jui Kuo

Clifford group lies at the core of quantum computation -- it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Sergey Bravyi , Joseph A. Latone , Dmitri Maslov

We introduce a new family of models for measurement-based quantum computation which are deterministic and approximately universal. The resource states which play the role of graph states are prepared via 2-qubit gates of the form…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering
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