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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). We study how different LoRA modules can be merged to achieve skill composition -- testing the performance of the merged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Akshara Prabhakar , Yuanzhi Li , Karthik Narasimhan , Sham Kakade , Eran Malach , Samy Jelassi

AI developers often apply safety alignment procedures to prevent the misuse of their AI systems. For example, before Meta released Llama 2-Chat - a collection of instruction fine-tuned large language models - they invested heavily in safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Simon Lermen , Charlie Rogers-Smith , Jeffrey Ladish

The "pretrain-then-finetune" paradigm is commonly adopted in the deployment of large language models. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, is often employed to adapt a base model to a multitude of tasks,…

This paper introduces Bayesian Hierarchical Low-Rank Adaption (BoRA), a novel method for finetuning multi-task Large Language Models (LLMs). Current finetuning approaches, such as Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA), perform exeptionally well in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Simen Eide , Arnoldo Frigessi

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been developed as an efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) by fine-tuning two low-rank matrices, thereby reducing the number of trainable parameters. However, prior research indicates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lin Mu , Xiaoyu Wang , Li Ni , Yang Li , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the de facto fine-tuning strategy to generate personalized images from pre-trained diffusion models. Choosing a good rank is extremely critical, since it trades off performance and memory consumption, but today…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Donald Shenaj , Federico Errica , Antonio Carta

Recent advances in diffusion models and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have made text-to-image generation and customization widely accessible, with Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) able to replicate an artist's style or subject using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Chenxi Liu , Towaki Takikawa , Alec Jacobson

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) aims to mitigate the substantial computational and memory overhead involved in adapting large-scale pretrained models to diverse downstream tasks. Among numerous PEFT strategies, Low-Rank Adaptation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaoyan Gu , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has significantly advanced parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models. LoRA augments the pre-trained weights of a model by adding the product of two smaller matrices that together form a low-rank…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 David Bensaïd , Noam Rotstein , Roy Velich , Daniel Bensaïd , Ron Kimmel

As one of the most popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is commonly applied to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). However, updating the weights of LoRA blocks effectively and expeditiously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Shuhua Shi , Shaohan Huang , Minghui Song , Zhoujun Li , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

The pretrain+fine-tune paradigm is foundational for deploying large language models (LLMs) across various downstream applications. Within this framework, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jingwei Xu , Junyu Lai , Yunpeng Huang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

Fine-tuning models via Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) demonstrates remarkable performance in subject-driven or style-driven generation tasks. Studies have explored combinations of different LoRAs to jointly generate learned styles and content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong

The growth of large language models underscores the need for parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Despite its popularity, LoRA encounters storage and computational challenges when deploying multiple task- or user-specific modules. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Klaudia Bałazy , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Jacek Tabor

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), are known to enhance training efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs). Due to the limited parameters of LoRA, recent studies seek to combine LoRA with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Peijun Qing , Chongyang Gao , Yefan Zhou , Xingjian Diao , Yaoqing Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models for downstream tasks has become a fundamental approach in natural language processing. Fully fine-tuning all model parameters is computationally expensive and memory-intensive, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Chen , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yue Du , Bin Li

Mitigating Trojans in Large Language Models (LLMs) is one of many tasks where alignment data is LLM specific, as different LLMs have different Trojan triggers and trigger behaviors to be removed. In this paper, we introduce TeleLoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Xiao Lin , Manoj Acharya , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown significant progress in various complex vision tasks with the solid linguistic and reasoning capacity inherited from large language models (LMMs). Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Liang Mi , Weijun Wang , Wenming Tu , Qingfeng He , Rui Kong , Xinyu Fang , Yazhu Dong , Yikang Zhang , Yunchun Li , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Guihai Chen , Yunxin Liu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

Adaptability has been regarded as a central feature in the foundation models, enabling them to effectively acclimate to unseen downstream tasks. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as celebrated LoRA facilitate efficient adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Gagik Magakyan , Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Chanwoo Park , Pablo A. Parrilo , Asuman Ozdaglar