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Relativistic jets from black holes can extract energy not only from accretion but also directly from the black hole's spin, as described by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. A longstanding question is whether magnetic flux can accumulate near…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-27 Antonios Nathanail

The Blandford-Znajek theory (1977) is generally studied to understand the generation of powerful relativistic jets. However, it could also give important insights about the feedback between a rotating black hole, its ergosphere, and a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-18 Luigi Foschini

The launch of relativistic jets of plasma on astrophysical to cosmological scales is observed in a variety of astrophysical sources, from active galactic nuclei to X-ray binaries. While these jets can be reproduced by general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Jibril Ben Achour , Ileyk El Mellah , Eric Gourgoulhon

Relativistic jets and disc-winds are typically observed in BH-XRBs and AGNs. However, many physical details of jet launching and the driving of disc winds from the underlying accretion disc are still not fully understood. In this study, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-30 Indu K. Dihingia , Bhargav Vaidya , Christian Fendt

We investigate regular rotating black holes predicted by asymptotically safe gravity, where the Newton constant varies with energy scale and modifies the near horizon geometry. These solutions remain asymptotically flat and avoid central…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-01 Chirantana Bhattacharjee , Subhadip Sau , Avijit Mukherjee

The origin of jets emitted from black holes is not well understood, however there are two possible energy sources, the accretion disk or the rotating black hole. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations show a well-defined jet that extracts energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Vladimir Semenov , Sergey Dyadechkin , Brian Punsly

This paper theoretically investigates the relations between the structure of relativistic jets and produced synchrotron images, by using a steady axisymmetric force-free jet model. We especially focus on the limb-brightened jets that are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-05 Kazuya Takahashi , Kenji Toma , Motoki Kino , Masanori Nakamura , Kazuhiro Hada

In paper I, we showed that time-dependent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) numerical models of accretion disks, although being highly turbulent, have surprisingly simple electromagnetic properties. In particular, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Jonathan C. McKinney , Ramesh Narayan

Recently it has been observed that the scaling of jet power with black hole spin in galactic X-ray binaries is consistent with the predictions of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) jet model. These observations motivate us to revisit the BZ model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Robert F. Penna , Ramesh Narayan , Aleksander Sadowski

Jets are endemic to both Galactic solar mass and extragalactic supermassive black holes. A recent 86 GHz image of M\,87 shows a jet emerging from the accretion ring around a black hole, providing the first direct observational constraint on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-22 Brian Punsly

Recent observations of Galactic Black Hole Candidates (BHCs) suggest that those that are superluminal jet sources have more rapid black hole spin rates than otherwise normal BHCs. This provides observational support for models of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Shinji Koide , David L. Meier , Kazunari Shibata , Takahiro Kudoh

Magnetic fields connecting the immediate environs of rotating black holes to large distances appear to be the most promising mechanism for launching relativistic jets, an idea first developed by Blandford and Znajek in the mid-1970s. To…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 J. H. Krolik , J. Hawley

Supermassive black holes are found at the centers of most galaxies and their inspiral is a natural outcome when galaxies merge. The inspiral of these systems is of utmost astrophysical importance as prodigious producers of gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Carlos Palenzuela , Luis Lehner , Steven L. Liebling

Rotating black holes with strong magnetic fields lead to an outward energy flux in the form of jets governed by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These jets depend on factors such as accretion rate, magnetic flux and the spin of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-12 Ishan Swamy , Deobrat Singh

We present the results of nine simulations of radiatively-inefficient magnetically arrested disks (MADs) across different values of the black hole spin parameter $a_*$: $-0.9$, $-0.7$, $-0.5$, $-0.3$, 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. Each…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-16 Ramesh Narayan , Andrew Chael , Koushik Chatterjee , Angelo Ricarte , Brandon Curd

In this paper, we investigate the magnetohydrodynamical structure of a jet powered by a spinning black hole, where electromagnetic fields and fluid motion are governed by the Grad-Shafranov equation and the Bernoulli equation, respectively.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Lei Huang , Zhen Pan , Cong Yu

The launching of astrophysical jets provides the most compelling observational evidence for direct extraction of black hole (BH) spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism. Whilst it is known that spinning Kerr BHs within general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-08 Koushik Chatterjee , Ziri Younsi , Prashant Kocherlakota , Ramesh Narayan

Black hole jet power depends on the angular velocity of magnetic field lines, $\Omega_F$. Force-free black hole magnetospheres typically have $\Omega_F/\Omega_H \approx 0.5$, where $\Omega_H$ is the angular velocity of the horizon. We give…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-14 Robert F. Penna

To investigate the formation mechanism of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei and micro-quasars, we have developed a new general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code in Kerr geometry. Here we report on the first numerical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Shinji Koide , David L. Meier , Kazunari Shibata , Takahiro Kudoh

In this letter we briefly describe the first results of our numerical study on the possibility of magnetic origin of relativistic jets of long duration gamma ray bursters within the collapsar scenario. We track the collapse of massive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. V. Barkov , S. S. Komissarov