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This study intends to introduce kernel mean embedding of probability measures over infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces induced by functional response statistical models. The embedded function represents the concentration of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Saeed Hayati , Kenji Fukumizu , Afshin Parvardeh

The widespread adoption of the \emph{maximum mean discrepancy} (MMD) in goodness-of-fit testing has spurred extensive research on its statistical performance. However, recent studies indicate that the inherent structure of MMD may constrain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-11 Shiwei Sang , Shao-Bo Lin , Xuehu Zhu

The maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is a kernel-based nonparametric statistic for two-sample testing, whose inferential accuracy depends critically on variance characterization. Existing work provides various finite-sample estimators of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-05 Shijie Zhong , Yikun Yang , Da Gong , Jiangfeng Fu

The problem of learning functions over spaces of probabilities - or distribution regression - is gaining significant interest in the machine learning community. A key challenge behind this problem is to identify a suitable representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Dimitri Meunier , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

The distribution closeness testing (DCT) assesses whether the distance between a distribution pair is at least $\epsilon$-far. Existing DCT methods mainly measure discrepancies between a distribution pair defined on discrete one-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhijian Zhou , Liuhua Peng , Xunye Tian , Feng Liu

A new goodness-of-fit test for normality in high-dimension (and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space) is proposed. It shares common ideas with the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) it outperforms both in terms of computation time and applicability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-14 Jérémie Kellner , Alain Celisse

Do two data samples come from different distributions? Recent studies of this fundamental problem focused on embedding probability distributions into sufficiently rich characteristic Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs), to compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-03 Somayeh Danafar , Paola M. V. Rancoita , Tobias Glasmachers , Kevin Whittingstall , Juergen Schmidhuber

The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a cornerstone statistic for nonparametric two-sample testing, but its test power is dictated entirely by the chosen kernel. Because any fixed kernel inherently fails to distinguish certain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Yijin Ni , Xiaoming Huo

We propose a nonparametric two-sample test procedure based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for testing the hypothesis that two samples of functions have the same underlying distribution, using kernels defined on function spaces. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 George Wynne , Andrew B. Duncan

Although recovering an Euclidean distance matrix from noisy observations is a common problem in practice, how well this could be done remains largely unknown. To fill in this void, we study a simple distance matrix estimate based upon the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-09-18 Luwan Zhang , Grace Wahba , Ming Yuan

The learning of domain-invariant representations in the context of domain adaptation with neural networks is considered. We propose a new regularization method that minimizes the discrepancy between domain-specific latent feature…

Modern large-scale kernel-based tests such as maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD) optimize kernel hyperparameters on a held-out sample via data splitting to obtain the most powerful test statistics. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jonas M. Kübler , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Bernhard Schölkopf , Krikamol Muandet

In this work we consider the problem of numerical integration, i.e., approximating integrals with respect to a target probability measure using only pointwise evaluations of the integrand. We focus on the setting in which the target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Antoine Chatalic , Nicolas Schreuder , Ernesto De Vito , Lorenzo Rosasco

This work focuses on per-video unsupervised action segmentation, which is of interest to applications where storing large datasets is either not possible, or nor permitted. We propose to segment videos by learning in deep kernel space, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Silvia L. Pintea , Jouke Dijkstra

Depth measures are powerful tools for defining level sets in emerging, non--standard, and complex random objects such as high-dimensional multivariate data, functional data, and random graphs. Despite their favorable theoretical properties,…

We consider the problem of metric learning subject to a set of constraints on relative-distance comparisons between the data items. Such constraints are meant to reflect side-information that is not expressed directly in the feature vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Ehsan Amid , Aristides Gionis , Antti Ukkonen

This paper introduces a kernel discrepancy-based framework for rerandomization to enhance the precision of causal inference in controlled experiments. We demonstrate that the kernel discrepancy is the key part of the variance upper bound…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-05 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang

Kernel mean embeddings have recently attracted the attention of the machine learning community. They map measures $\mu$ from some set $M$ to functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) with kernel $k$. The RKHS distance of two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-18 Carl-Johann Simon-Gabriel , Bernhard Schölkopf

This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-15 Raif M. Rustamov , James T. Klosowski

The kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy~(MMD) is a popular multivariate distance metric between distributions that has found utility in two-sample testing. The usual kernel-MMD test statistic is a degenerate U-statistic under the null, and thus…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas