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As the artificial intelligence community advances into the era of large models with billions of parameters, distributed training and inference have become essential. While various parallelism strategies-data, model, sequence, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Ruifeng She , Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Zehua Liu , Tao Zhong

Training machine learning models in parallel is an increasingly important workload. We accelerate distributed parallel training by designing a communication primitive that uses a programmable switch dataplane to execute a key step of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Amedeo Sapio , Marco Canini , Chen-Yu Ho , Jacob Nelson , Panos Kalnis , Changhoon Kim , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Masoud Moshref , Dan R. K. Ports , Peter Richtárik

To efficiently scale large model (LM) training, researchers transition from data parallelism (DP) to hybrid parallelism (HP) on GPU clusters, which frequently experience hardware and software failures. Existing works introduce in-memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yuxin Wang , Xueze Kang , Shaohuai Shi , Xin He , Zhenheng Tang , Xinglin Pan , Yang Zheng , Xiaoyu Wu , Amelie Chi Zhou , Bingsheng He , Xiaowen Chu

As LLMs scale to multi-million-token KV histories, real-time autoregressive decoding under tight Token-to-Token Latency (TTL) constraints faces growing pressure. Two core bottlenecks dominate: accessing Feed-Forward Network (FFN) weights…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Nidhi Bhatia , Ankit More , Ritika Borkar , Tiyasa Mitra , Ramon Matas , Ritchie Zhao , Maximilian Golub , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Brian Pharris , Bita Darvish Rouhani

Datacenters are increasingly becoming heterogeneous, and are starting to include specialized hardware for networking, video processing, and especially deep learning. To leverage the heterogeneous compute capability of modern datacenters, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Yassine Ghannane , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Distributed LLM inference requires careful coordination of parallelization strategies across hundreds to thousands of NPUs to meet production SLOs. Current systems like Megatron-LM rely on static heuristics that separately configure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ruokai Yin , Sattwik Deb Mishra , Xuan Zuo , Hokchhay Tann , Preyas Shah , Apala Guha

Currently, training large-scale deep learning models is typically achieved through parallel training across multiple GPUs. However, due to the inherent communication overhead and synchronization delays in traditional model parallelism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xiuyuan Guo , Chengqi Xu , Guinan Guo , Feiyu Zhu , Changpeng Cai , Peizhe Wang , Xiaoming Wei , Junhao Su , Jialin Gao

Following AI scaling trends, frontier models continue to grow in size and continue to be trained on larger datasets. Training these models requires huge investments in exascale computational resources, which has in turn driven developtment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hiroki Naganuma , Xinzhi Zhang , Man-Chung Yue , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Philipp A. Witte , Russell J. Hewett , Yin Tat Lee

The increasing demand for intelligent mobile applications has made multi-agent collaboration with Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) essential in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. However, training LLMs in such environments…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jiewei Chen , Xiumei Deng , Zehui Xiong , Shaoyong Guo , Xuesong Qiu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

Linear Attention (LA) offers a promising paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) to long sequences by avoiding the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Recent LA models such as Mamba2 and GDN interpret linear recurrences as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yulong Huang , Xiang Liu , Hongxiang Huang , Xiaopeng Lin , Zunchang Liu , Xiaowen Chu , Zeke Xie , Bojun Cheng

Deep neural networks (DNNs) exploit many layers and a large number of parameters to achieve excellent performance. The training process of DNN models generally handles large-scale input data with many sparse features, which incurs high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Ji Liu , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma , Danlei Feng , Minxu Zhang , Xinxuan Wu , Xuefeng Yao , Dejing Dou

We present a distributed framework of the Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient (PDHG) algorithm for solving massive-scale linear programming (LP) problems. Although PDHG-based solvers demonstrate strong performance on single-node GPU architectures,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Hongpei Li , Yicheng Huang , Huikang Liu , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Large-language-models (LLMs) demonstrate enormous utility in long-context tasks which require processing prompts that consist of tens to hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, existing LLM training libraries do not provide easy to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ahan Gupta , Zhihao Wang , Neel Dani , Masahiro Tanaka , Olatunji Ruwase , Minjia Zhang

Large-scale deep learning models contribute to significant performance improvements on varieties of downstream tasks. Current data and model parallelism approaches utilize model replication and partition techniques to support the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaonan Nie , Bin Cui

Stochastic Gradient Descent is used for large datasets to train models to reduce the training time. On top of that data parallelism is widely used as a method to efficiently train neural networks using multiple worker nodes in parallel.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Aakash Sudhirbhai Vora , Dhrumil Chetankumar Joshi , Aksh Kantibhai Patel

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale and new GPUs are released even more frequently, there is an increasing demand for LLM post-training in heterogeneous environments to fully leverage underutilized mid-range or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongjun He , Shuai Zhang , Jiading Gai , Xiyuan Zhang , Boran Han , Bernie Wang , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis

Dynamic sequences with varying lengths have been widely used in the training of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs). However, current training frameworks adopt a pre-defined static parallel strategy for these sequences, causing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhixin Ou , Peng Liang , Jianchen Han , Baihui Liu , Linbo Qiao

The growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated large-scale distributed training. Highly optimized frameworks, however, still suffer significant losses in Model FLOPS utilization (often below 50%) due to large communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haiquan Wang , Chaoyi Ruan , Jia He , Jiaqi Ruan , Chengjie Tang , Xiaosong Ma , Cheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate superior performance with increasing scale, yet training models with billions to trillions of parameters requires staggering computational resources, e.g. a one-trillion-parameter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ajay Navilarekal Rajgopal , Nikolai Solmsdorf

Modern frameworks for training large foundation models (LFMs) employ dataloaders in a data-parallel manner, with each loader processing a disjoint subset of training data. When preparing data for LFM training that originates from multiple,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Juntao Zhao , Qi Lu , Wei Jia , Borui Wan , Lei Zuo , Junda Feng , Jianyu Jiang , Yangrui Chen , Shuaishuai Cao , Jialing He , Kaihua Jiang , Yuanzhe Hu , Shibiao Nong , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu
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