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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, prior works have proposed numerous methods that focus on KV cache pruning based on various criteria. While these techniques often accomplish lossless memory reduction on many datasets, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xuanfan Ni , Liyan Xu , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Piji Li

Streaming video understanding requires processing unbounded video streams with limited memory and computation, posing two key challenges. First, continuously constructing new and evicting old key-value(KV) caches is required for unbounded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhanzhong Pang , Dibyadip Chatterjee , Fadime Sener , Angela Yao

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant improvement in offline video understanding. However, extending these capabilities to streaming video inputs, remains challenging, as existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haowei Zhang , Shudong Yang , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Xipeng Qiu

Key-value (KV) caching is widely used to accelerate transformer inference, but its memory cost grows linearly with input length, limiting long-context deployment. Existing token eviction methods reduce memory by discarding less important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ruijie Miao , Zhiming Wang , Wang Li , Shiwei Wu , Shufan Liu , Yanbing Jiang , Tong Yang

Intermediate features of a pre-trained model have been shown informative for making accurate predictions on downstream tasks, even if the model backbone is kept frozen. The key challenge is how to utilize these intermediate features given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Cheng-Hao Tu , Zheda Mai , Wei-Lun Chao

The past decade has witnessed great success in applying deep learning to enhance the quality of compressed video. However, the existing approaches aim at quality enhancement on a single frame, or only using fixed neighboring frames. Thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Ren Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Mai Xu , Wenjun Zeng

Key-value (KV) caching has become the de-facto to accelerate generation speed for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, the growing cache demand with increasing sequence length has transformed LLM inference to be a memory bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Hao Kang , Qingru Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Geonhwa Jeong , Zaoxing Liu , Tushar Krishna , Tuo Zhao

Temporal Graph Neural Networks (TGNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on dynamic graph tasks, yet existing systems focus exclusively on accelerating training -- at inference time, every new edge triggers $O(|V|)$ embedding updates even…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lingling Zhang , Pengpeng Qiao , Zhiwei Zhang , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), handling long context has become one of the vital abilities in LLMs. Such long-context ability is accompanied by difficulties in deployment, especially due to the increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuorui Liu , Chen Zhang , Dawei Song

The growing context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) enlarges the Key-Value (KV) cache, limiting deployment in resource-limited environments. Prior training-free approaches for KV cache compression typically rely on low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yixuan Wang , Qingyu Shi , Jiayu Zhou , Dianbo Liu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Dynamic scene reconstruction in autonomous driving remains a fundamental challenge due to significant temporal variations, moving objects, and complex scene dynamics. Existing feed-forward 3D models have demonstrated strong performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhuolin He , Jing Li , Guanghao Li , Xiaolei Chen , Jiacheng Tang , Siyang Zhang , Zhounan Jin , Feipeng Cai , Bin Li , Jian Pu , Jia Cai , Xiangyang Xue

The linear growth of key-value (KV) cache memory and quadratic computational in attention mechanisms complexity pose significant bottlenecks for large language models (LLMs) in long-context processing. While existing KV cache optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xin Liu , Xudong Wang , Pei Liu , Guoming Tang

Diffusion transformers have emerged as the mainstream paradigm for video generation models. However, the use of up to billions of parameters incurs significant computational costs. Quantization offers a promising solution by reducing memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weilun Feng , Haotong Qin , Chuanguang Yang , Xiangqi Li , Han Yang , Yuqi Li , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Michele Magno , Yongjun Xu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale in size and context length, the memory requirements of the key value (KV) cache have emerged as a major bottleneck during autoregressive decoding. The KV cache grows with sequence length and embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sourjya Roy , Shrihari Sridharan , Surya Selvam , Anand Raghunathan

KV cache quantization can improve Large Language Models (LLMs) inference throughput and latency in long contexts and large batch-size scenarios while preserving LLMs effectiveness. However, current methods have three unsolved issues:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xing Li , Zeyu Xing , Yiming Li , Linping Qu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Wulong Liu , Yiwu Yao , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan

The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly expanded model sizes, resulting in substantial GPU memory requirements during inference. The key and value storage of the attention map in the KV (key-value) cache accounts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao , Zhi Chen

KV cache techniques in Transformer models aim to reduce redundant computations at the expense of substantially increased memory usage, making KV cache compression an important and popular research topic. Recently, state-of-the-art KV cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Bingzhe Zhao , Ke Cheng , Aomufei Yuan , Yuxuan Tian , Ruiguang Zhong , Chengchen Hu , Tong Yang , Lian Yu

Generating a coherent 3D scene representation from multi-view images is a fundamental yet challenging task. Existing methods often struggle with multi-view fusion, leading to fragmented 3D representations and sub-optimal performance. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Junho Kim , Seongwon Lee

Disaggregated inference has become an essential framework that separates the prefill (P) and decode (D) stages in large language model inference to improve throughput. However, the KV cache transfer faces significant delays between prefill…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Weiqing Li , Guochao Jiang , Xiangyong Ding , Zhangcheng Tao , Chuzhan Hao , Chenfeng Xu , Yuewei Zhang , Hao Wang