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As 6G research advances, the growing demand leads to the emergence of novel technologies such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), new antenna arrays like extremely large MIMO (XL-MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Huiwen Gong , Jianhua Zhang , Yuxiang Zhang , Guangyi Liu

In 6G, the trend of transitioning from massive antenna elements to even more massive ones is continued. However, installing additional antennas in the limited space of user equipment (UE) is challenging, resulting in limited capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Lung-Sheng Tsai , Shang-Ling Shih , Pei-Kai Liao , Chao-Kai Wen

Semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for future 6G networks, offering task-oriented and meaning-aware transmission that fundamentally redefines traditional bit-centric design. Recognized by leading…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Ping Zhang , Xiaodong Xu , Mengying Sun , Haixiao Gao , Nan Ma , Xiaoyun Wang , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato

In the future sixth-generation (6G) era, to support accurate localization sensing and efficient communication link establishment for intelligent agents, a comprehensive understanding of the surrounding environment and proper channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Lu Bai , Ziwei Huang , Mingran Sun , Xiang Cheng , Lizhen Cui

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a breakthrough in wireless hardware by comprising multilayer, programmable metasurfaces capable of analog computing in the electromagnetic (EM) wave domain. By examining their architectural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Hetong Wang , Yashuai Cao , Tiejun Lv

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering massive spatial degrees of freedom. Despite these advantages, the coexistence of near-field and far-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Renbin Li , Shuangshuang Li , Peihao Dong

Conventional 5G network management mechanisms, that operate in isolated silos across different network segments, will experience significant limitations in handling the unprecedented hyper-complexity and massive scale of the sixth…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Abdelaali Chaoub , Muslim Elkotob

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Changsheng You , Yu Han , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Zhenjun Dong , Shi Jin , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Tao Jiang , Xiaohu You , Rui Zhang

The expansion of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks into space introduces technical challenges that conventional bit-oriented communication approaches cannot efficiently address, including intermittent connectivity, severe latency,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hanlin Cai , Houtianfu Wang , Haofan Dong , Ozgur B. Akan

To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service, the research on the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems has been undertaken in recent years. It is expected that the spectral and energy efficiencies…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-12 Dongming Wang , Yu Zhang , Hao Wei , Xiaohu You , Xiqi Gao , Jiangzhou Wang

Current cellular systems achieve high spectral efficiency through Massive MIMO, which leverages an abundance of antennas to create favorable propagation conditions for multiuser spatial multiplexing. Looking towards future networks, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Emil Björnson , Amna Irshad , Özlem Tugfe Demir , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Alva Kosasih , Vitaly Petrov

Large language models (LLMs), which have shown remarkable capabilities, are revolutionizing AI development and potentially shaping our future. However, given their multimodality, the status quo cloud-based deployment faces some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Xianhao Chen , Zhe Chen , Kaibin Huang

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently gained a lot of attention due to its high potential in sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems. The goal of this paper is to first present a unified modeling for massive MIMO,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Recent advances in AI technologies have notably expanded device intelligence, fostering federation and cooperation among distributed AI agents. These advancements impose new requirements on future 6G mobile network architectures. To meet…

The emergence of the semantic-aware paradigm presents opportunities for innovative services, especially in the context of 6G-based applications. Although significant progress has been made in semantic extraction techniques, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hamidreza Mazandarani , Masoud Shokrnezhad , Tarik Taleb

The year 2019 witnessed the rollout of the 5G standard, which promises to offer significant data rate improvement over 4G. While 5G is still in its infancy, there has been an increased shift in the research community for communication…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Anu Jagannath , Jithin Jagannath , Tommaso Melodia

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications have attracted substantial attention in the global research community of information and communication technologies (ICTs). 6G systems are expected to support not only extended 5G usage scenarios…

The sixth-generation (6G) network is envisioned to integrate communication and sensing functions, so as to improve the spectrum efficiency (SE) and support explosive novel applications. Although the similarities of wireless communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-06 Xinran Fang , Wei Feng , Yunfei Chen , Ning Ge , Yan Zhang

Recent advances in Wireless Physical Layer Foundation Models (WPFMs) promise a new paradigm of universal Radio Frequency (RF) representations. However, these models inherit critical limitations found in deep learning such as the lack of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Jaron Fontaine , Mohammad Cheraghinia , John Strassner , Adnan Shahid , Eli De Poorter

AI agents based on multimodal large language models (LLMs) are expected to revolutionize human-computer interaction and offer more personalized assistant services across various domains like healthcare, education, manufacturing, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han , Dong In Kim , Khaled B. Letaief