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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as robotic planners but often struggle with long-horizon and complex tasks, especially in specialized environments requiring external knowledge. While hierarchical planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cristina Cornelio , Flavio Petruzzellis , Pietro Lio

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, with optimizing their input prompts playing a pivotal role in maximizing their performance. However, while LLM prompts consist of both the task-agnostic system prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yumin Choi , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as integral tools for reasoning, planning, and decision-making, drawing upon their extensive world knowledge and proficiency in language-related tasks. LLMs thus hold tremendous potential for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xudong Guo , Kaixuan Huang , Jiale Liu , Wenhui Fan , Natalia Vélez , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang , Thomas L. Griffiths , Mengdi Wang

It is crucial to efficiently execute instructions such as "Find an apple and a banana" or "Get ready for a field trip," which require searching for multiple objects or understanding context-dependent commands. This study addresses the…

In embodied artificial intelligence, enabling heterogeneous robot teams to execute long-horizon tasks from high-level instructions remains a critical challenge. While large language models (LLMs) show promise in instruction parsing and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Haishan Zeng , Mengna Wang , Peng Li

Embodied agents tasked with complex scenarios, whether in real or simulated environments, rely heavily on robust planning capabilities. When instructions are formulated in natural language, large language models (LLMs) equipped with…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) are fostering their integration into several reasoning-related fields, including Automated Planning (AP). However, their integration into Hierarchical Planning (HP), a subfield of AP that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Israel Puerta-Merino , Carlos Núñez-Molina , Pablo Mesejo , Juan Fernández-Olivares

Symbolic task planning is a widely used approach to enforce robot autonomy due to its ease of understanding and deployment in robot architectures. However, techniques for symbolic task planning are difficult to scale in real-world,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Alessio Capitanelli , Fulvio Mastrogiovanni

This paper addresses planning problems for mobile robots. We consider missions that require accomplishing multiple high-level sub-tasks, expressed in natural language (NL), in a temporal and logical order. To formally define the mission, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jun Wang , Jiaming Tong , Kaiyuan Tan , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yiannis Kantaros

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable planning abilities across various domains, including robotics manipulation and navigation. While recent efforts in robotics have leveraged LLMs both for high-level and low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harsh Singh , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Mingfei Han , Preslav Nakov , Ivan Laptev

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate substantively relevant content but fail to adhere to formal constraints, leading to outputs that are conceptually correct but procedurally flawed. Traditional prompt refinement approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Alberto Purpura , Li Wang , Sahil Badyal , Eugenio Beaufrand , Adam Faulkner

Past research into robotic planning with temporal logic specifications, notably Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), was largely based on a single formula for individual or groups of robots. But with increasing task complexity, LTL formulas…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Xusheng Luo , Shaojun Xu , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu

Language-guided autonomous driving requires bridging a large abstraction gap between high-level natural-language instructions and low-level vehicle control. End-to-end approaches that use a single multimodal large language model (MLLM) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zaibin Zhang , Talas Fu , Shiyu Tang , Yuanhang Zhang , Yifan Wang , Lijun Wang , Huchuan Lu

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated the adoption of agent-based workflows, where multiple autonomous agents reason, invoke functions, and collaborate to compose complex data pipelines. However, current…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zoi Kaoudi , Ioana Giurgiu

Heterogeneous multirobot systems show great potential in complex tasks requiring coordinated hybrid cooperation. However, existing methods that rely on static or task-specific models often lack generalizability across diverse tasks and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haokun Liu , Zhaoqi Ma , Yunong Li , Junichiro Sugihara , Yicheng Chen , Jinjie Li , Moju Zhao

HTN planning is a variation of classical planning where, instead of searching for a linear sequence of actions, an algorithm decomposes higher-level tasks using a method library until only executable actions remain. On one hand, this allows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Felipe Meneguzzi , Alexandre Buchweitz , Augusto B. Corrêa , Victor Scherer Putrich , André Grahl Pereira

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Multi-agent systems perform well on general reasoning tasks. However, the lack of training in specialized areas hinders their accuracy. Current training methods train a unified large language model (LLM) for all agents in the system. This…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in learning algorithms, evaluations, and optimization tasks. Recent studies have shown that using LLM-based optimizers to automatically optimize model prompts, demonstrations, predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guowei Xu , Mert Yuksekgonul , Carlos Guestrin , James Zou