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Irregularly sampled time series (ISTS) data has irregular temporal intervals between observations and different sampling rates between sequences. ISTS commonly appears in healthcare, economics, and geoscience. Especially in the medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Chenxi Sun , Shenda Hong , Moxian Song , Hongyan Li

Transformers have recently gained prominence in long time series forecasting by elevating accuracies in a variety of use cases. Regrettably, in the race for better predictive performance the overhead of model architectures has grown…

Irregular multivariate time series forecasting (IMTSF) is challenging due to non-uniform sampling and variable asynchronicity. These irregularities violate the equidistant assumptions of standard models, hindering local temporal modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiangfei Qiu , Kangjia Yan , Xvyuan Liu , Xingjian Wu , Jilin Hu

Time series forecasting serves as an essential tool for many real-world applications, supporting tasks such as resource optimization and decision-making. Despite significant architectural advancements, most modern models still treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sheng Pan , Ming Jin , Bo Du , Shirui Pan

Irregular multivariate time series (IMTS) are prevalent in real-world applications across many fields, where varying sensor frequencies and asynchronous measurements pose significant modeling challenges. Existing solutions often rely on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yulong Wang , Xiaofeng Hu , Xiaojian Cui , Kai Wang

Irregular multivariate time series (IMTS) are prevalent in critical domains like healthcare and finance, where accurate forecasting is vital for proactive decision-making. However, the asynchronous sampling and irregular intervals inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xvyuan Liu , Xiangfei Qiu , Hanyin Cheng , Xingjian Wu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang , Jilin Hu

Time series data in real-world applications such as healthcare, climate modeling, and finance are often irregular, multimodal, and messy, with varying sampling rates, asynchronous modalities, and pervasive missingness. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ching Chang , Jeehyun Hwang , Yidan Shi , Haixin Wang , Wen-Chih Peng , Tien-Fu Chen , Wei Wang

Forecasting multivariate time series is a computationally intensive task challenged by extreme or redundant samples. Recent resampling methods aim to increase training efficiency by reweighting samples based on their running losses.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiang You , Arben Cela , René Natowicz , Jacob Ouanounou , Patrick Siarry

Sequential models like recurrent neural networks and transformers have become standard for probabilistic multivariate time series forecasting across various domains. Despite their strengths, they struggle with capturing high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yu Chen , Marin Biloš , Sarthak Mittal , Wei Deng , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider

In this paper, we find that ubiquitous time series (TS) forecasting models are prone to severe overfitting. To cope with this problem, we embrace a de-redundancy approach to progressively reinstate the intrinsic values of TS for future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Daojun Liang , Haixia Zhang , Dongfeng Yuan , Bingzheng Zhang , Minggao Zhang

We introduce a novel modeling approach for time series imputation and forecasting, tailored to address the challenges often encountered in real-world data, such as irregular samples, missing data, or unaligned measurements from multiple…

This study proposes two straightforward yet effective approaches to reduce the required computational time of the training process for time-series modeling through a recurrent neural network (RNN) using multi-time-scale time-series data as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-11 Kei Ishida , Masato Kiyama , Ali Ercan , Motoki Amagasaki , Tongbi Tu

The non-stationary nature of real-world Multivariate Time Series (MTS) data presents forecasting models with a formidable challenge of the time-variant distribution of time series, referred to as distribution shift. Existing studies on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Hui He , Qi Zhang , Kun Yi , Xiaojun Xue , Shoujin Wang , Liang Hu , Longbing Cao

Real-world time series typically exhibit complex temporal variations, making the time series classification task notably challenging. Recent advancements have demonstrated the potential of multi-scale analysis approaches, which provide an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Zhipeng Liu , Peibo Duan , Binwu Wang , Xuan Tang , Qi Chu , Changsheng Zhang , Yongsheng Huang , Bin Zhang

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) forecasting involves modeling temporal dependencies within historical records. Transformers have demonstrated remarkable performance in MTS forecasting due to their capability to capture long-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yifan Zhang , Rui Wu , Sergiu M. Dascalu , Frederick C. Harris

Real-world time series data that commonly reflect sequential human behavior are often uniquely irregularly sampled and sparse, with highly nonuniform sampling over time and entities. Yet, commonly-used pretraining and augmentation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Nicasia Beebe-Wang , Sayna Ebrahimi , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

State-of-the-art methods for forecasting irregularly sampled time series with missing values predominantly rely on just four datasets and a few small toy examples for evaluation. While ordinary differential equations (ODE) are the prevalent…

Probabilistic forecasting of irregularly sampled multivariate time series with missing values is an important problem in many fields, including health care, astronomy, and climate. State-of-the-art methods for the task estimate only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Randolf Scholz , Stefan Born , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Recent state-of-the-art forecasting methods are trained on collections of time series. These methods, often referred to as global models, can capture common patterns in different time series to improve their generalization performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Vitor Cerqueira , Nuno Moniz , Ricardo Inácio , Carlos Soares

Time series forecasting plays an increasingly important role in modern business decisions. In today's data-rich environment, people often aim to choose the optimal forecasting model for their data. However, identifying the optimal model…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-17 Xixi Li , Fotios Petropoulos , Yanfei Kang