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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in using external tools to address user inquiries. However, most existing evaluations assume tool use in short contexts, offering limited insight into model behavior during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Beong-woo Kwak , Minju Kim , Dongha Lim , Hyungjoo Chae , Dongjin Kang , Sunghwan Kim , Dongil Yang , Jinyoung Yeo

Effective evaluation of multi-hop tool use is critical for analyzing the understanding, reasoning, and function-calling capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, progress has been hindered by a lack of reliable evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Xuesong Yao , Weijian Lin , Yufei Xu , Zehui Chen , Zaiyuan Wang , Sining Zhu , Zhiheng Xi , Siyu Yuan , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Jiecao Chen

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into real-world applications. Due to the lack of benchmarks, the community has yet to fully understand the hallucination issues within these models. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yuxiang Zhang , Jing Chen , Junjie Wang , Yaxin Liu , Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Xinyu Zhu , Zihao Lin , Hanwen Wan , Yujiu Yang , Tetsuya Sakai , Tian Feng , Hayato Yamana

Recent advancements in Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT) and Program-of-Thoughts (PoT) methods have greatly enhanced language models' mathematical reasoning capabilities, facilitating their integration into instruction tuning datasets with LLMs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Bo-Wen Zhang , Yan Yan , Lin Li , Guang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Many recent works seek to augment LLM-based assistants with external tools so they can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nicholas Farn , Richard Shin

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

Large language models are increasingly capable at closed-world mathematical reasoning, but research assistance also requires source-grounded use of the literature. When a proof reaches a non-trivial step, a useful assistant should determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zicheng Lyu , Wenjie Yang , Shengzhong Zhang , Zengfeng Huang

Can AI make progress on important, unsolved mathematical problems? Large language models are now capable of sophisticated mathematical and scientific reasoning, but whether they can perform novel research is still widely debated and…

Equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to solve complex real-world problems. However, the robustness of existing methods remains a critical challenge when confronting novel or evolving tools. Existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xingjie Gao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Zulong Chen , Chen Qian , Ge Yu , Yu Gu

In many applications, such as physiology and finance, large time series data bases are to be analyzed requiring the computation of linear, nonlinear and other measures. Such measures have been developed and implemented in commercial and…

Computation · Statistics 2010-02-10 Dimitris Kugiumtzis , Alkiviadis Tsimpiris

The recent trend of using Large Language Models (LLMs) as tool agents in real-world applications underscores the necessity for comprehensive evaluations of their capabilities, particularly in complex scenarios involving planning, creating,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shijue Huang , Wanjun Zhong , Jianqiao Lu , Qi Zhu , Jiahui Gao , Weiwen Liu , Yutai Hou , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Ruifeng Xu , Qun Liu

Solving problems through tool use under explicit constraints constitutes a highly challenging yet unavoidable scenario for large language models (LLMs), requiring capabilities such as function calling, instruction following, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Junjie Ye , Guoqiang Zhang , Wenjie Fu , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Mathematical reasoning has long been a key benchmark for evaluating large language models. Although substantial progress has been made on math word problems, the need for reasoning over tabular data in real-world applications has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Shi-Yu Tian , Zhi Zhou , Wei Dong , Kun-Yang Yu , Ming Yang , Zi-Jian Cheng , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Many benchmarks exist for evaluating long-context language models (LCLMs), yet developers often rely on synthetic tasks such as needle-in-a-haystack (NIAH) or an arbitrary subset of tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Howard Yen , Tianyu Gao , Minmin Hou , Ke Ding , Daniel Fleischer , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat , Danqi Chen

Existing evaluations of tool learning primarily focus on validating the alignment of selected tools for large language models (LLMs) with expected outcomes. However, these approaches rely on a limited set of scenarios where answers can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Junjie Ye , Guanyu Li , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Xiaoran Fan , Shihan Dou , Tao Ji , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Research on self-evolving language agents has accelerated, drawing increasing attention to their ability to create, adapt, and maintain tools from task requirements. However, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on predefined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bowei Xia , Mengkang Hu , Shijian Wang , Jiarui Jin , Wenxiang Jiao , Yuan Lu , Kexin Li , Ping Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have been explored in a variety of reasoning tasks including solving of mathematical problems. Each math dataset typically includes its own specially designed evaluation script, which, while suitable for its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Boning Zhang , Chengxi Li , Kai Fan

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, but tool usage errors still hinder their reliability. We introduce ToolCritic, a diagnostic framework that evaluates and improves LLM behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hassan Hamad , Yingru Xu , Liang Zhao , Wenbo Yan , Narendra Gyanchandani

Large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly rely on tool use to complete real-world tasks. While existing works evaluate the LLMs' tool use capability, they largely focus on the final answers yet overlook the detailed tool usage…

Despite recent advances in AI, the development of systems capable of executing complex, multi-step reasoning tasks involving multiple tools remains a significant challenge. Current benchmarks fall short in capturing the real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Vaskar Nath , Pranav Raja , Claire Yoon , Sean Hendryx
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