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If we cannot inspect the training data of a large language model (LLM), how can we ever know what it has seen? We believe the most compelling evidence arises when the model itself freely reproduces the target content. As such, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 André V. Duarte , Xuying li , Bin Zeng , Arlindo L. Oliveira , Lei Li , Zhuo Li

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, which integrate planning, memory, reflection, and tool-use modules, have shown promise in solving complex, multi-step tasks. Yet their sophisticated architectures amplify vulnerability to cascading…

Python type annotations enable static type checking, but most code remains untyped because manual annotation is time-consuming and tedious. Past approaches to automatic type inference fall short: static methods struggle with dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Emery D. Berger

Artificial Intelligence is moving from models that only generate text to Agentic AI, where systems behave as autonomous entities that can perceive, reason, plan, and act. Large Language Models (LLMs) are no longer used only as passive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Arunkumar V , Gangadharan G. R. , Rajkumar Buyya

With the advancement of Agentic AI, researchers are increasingly leveraging autonomous agents to address challenges in software engineering (SE). However, the large language models (LLMs) that underpin these agents often function as black…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jingyue Li , André Storhaug

The integration of tool use into large language models (LLMs) enables agentic systems with real-world impact. In the meantime, unlike standalone LLMs, compromised agents can execute malicious workflows with more consequential impact,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jizhou Chen , Samuel Lee Cong

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents are increasingly pivotal for addressing complex tasks in interactive environments. Existing work mainly focuses on enhancing performance through behavior cloning from stronger experts, yet such approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Siyu Yuan , Zehui Chen , Zhiheng Xi , Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

As software systems evolve, developers increasingly work across multiple programming languages and often face the need to migrate code from one language to another. While automatic code translation offers a promising solution, it has long…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Fazle Rabbi , Soumit Kanti Saha , Tri Minh Triet Pham , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate complex, multi-step tasks such as coding or web-based question answering. While remote, cloud-based agents offer scalability and ease of deployment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Dzung Pham , Kleomenis Katevas , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Hamed Haddadi

We present the first language-model-driven agentic artificial intelligence (AI) system to autonomously execute multi-stage physics experiments on a production synchrotron light source. Implemented at the Advanced Light Source particle…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Thorsten Hellert , Drew Bertwistle , Simon C. Leemann , Antonin Sulc , Marco Venturini

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities. To further enhance LLM capabilities, recent agentic systems, such as Deep Research, incorporate web interactions into LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Song Bian , Minghao Yan , Anand Jayarajan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Shivaram Venkataraman

With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automating complex, multi-agent workflows, organizations face mounting risks from errors, emergent behaviors, and systemic failures that current evaluation methods fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 NVJK Kartik , Garvit Sapra , Rishav Hada , Nikhil Pareek

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, expected to decompose goals, invoke tools, and verify results in dynamic environments. Realizing these capabilities requires access to agentic data-structured interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Abhigya Verma , Seganrasan Subramanian , Nandhakumar Kandasamy , Naman Gupta

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

Agentic AI is rapidly transitioning from research prototypes to enterprise deployments, where requirements extend to meet the software quality attributes of reliability, scalability, and observability beyond plausible text generation. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alfio Massimiliano Gliozzo , Junkyu Lee , Nahuel Defosse

Computational notebooks became indispensable tools for research-related development, offering unprecedented interactivity and flexibility in the development process. However, these benefits come at the cost of reproducibility and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Konstantin Grotov , Artem Borzilov , Maksim Krivobok , Timofey Bryksin , Yaroslav Zharov

Agentic tasks, which require multi-step problem solving with autonomy, tool use, and adaptive reasoning, are becoming increasingly central to the advancement of NLP and AI. However, existing instruction data lacks tool interaction, and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved programming efficiency, but their performance degrades significantly as requirements scale; when faced with multi-modal documents containing hundreds of scenarios, LLMs often produce incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weiyu Kong , Yun Lin , Xiwen Teoh , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Ruofei Ren , Jiaxin Chang , Haoxu Hu , Haoyu Chen

ML libraries, often written in architecture-specific programming languages (ASPLs) that target domain-specific architectures, are key to efficient ML systems. However, writing these high-performance ML libraries is challenging because it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Genghan Zhang , Weixin Liang , Olivia Hsu , Kunle Olukotun