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Modern sparse language models typically achieve sparsity through Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers, which dynamically route tokens to dense MLP "experts." However, dynamic hard routing has a number of drawbacks, such as potentially poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Albert Tseng , Christopher De Sa

Sparse autoencoders are a promising new approach for decomposing language model activations for interpretation and control. They have been applied successfully to vision transformer image encoders and to small-scale diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Stepan Shabalin , Ayush Panda , Dmitrii Kharlapenko , Abdur Raheem Ali , Yixiong Hao , Arthur Conmy

Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) is a powerful framework for tackling the sparse coding problem. However, the most popular inference algorithms for SBL become too expensive for high-dimensional settings, due to the need to store and compute a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-28 Alexander Lin , Andrew H. Song , Berkin Bilgic , Demba Ba

Despite the recent success of large language models (LLMs), LLMs are particularly challenging in long-sequence inference scenarios due to the quadratic computational complexity of the attention mechanism. Inspired by the interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yao Tao , Yehui Tang , Yun Wang , Mingjian Zhu , Hailin Hu , Yunhe Wang

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art generative models, yet their samples often fail to satisfy application objectives such as safety constraints or domain-specific validity. Existing techniques for alignment require gradients, internal…

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) refine token generations through iterative denoising, but answers often stabilize before all steps complete. We propose EDIT (Early Diffusion Inference Termination), an inference-time criterion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 He-Yen Hsieh , Hong Wang , H. T. Kung

Adapting LLMs with new knowledge is increasingly important, but standard fine-tuning often erodes aligned epistemic abstention: the ability to acknowledge when the model does not know. This failure mode is especially concerning in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 William F. Shen , Xinchi Qiu , Nicola Cancedda , Nicholas D. Lane

Inference-time steering offers a promising way to control language models (LMs) without retraining. However, standard approaches typically rely on activation addition, which inevitably alters the hidden-state magnitudes raising concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zejia You , Chunyuan Deng , Hanjie Chen

This work presents a data-driven approach to the identification of spatial and temporal truncation errors for linear and nonlinear discretization schemes of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Motivated by the central role of truncation…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Stephan Thaler , Ludger Paehler , Nikolaus A. Adams

Vision Transformers (ViT) have shown their competitive advantages performance-wise compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) though they often come with high computational costs. To this end, previous methods explore different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Cong Wei , Brendan Duke , Ruowei Jiang , Parham Aarabi , Graham W. Taylor , Florian Shkurti

An algorithmic limit of compressed sensing or related variable-selection problems is analytically evaluated when a design matrix is given by an overcomplete random matrix. The replica method from statistical mechanics is employed to derive…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-11-14 Tomoyuki Obuchi , Yoshinori Nakanishi-Ohno , Masato Okada , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

Responsible deployment of language models requires mechanisms for refusing unsafe prompts while preserving model performance. While most approaches modify model weights through additional training, we explore an alternative: steering model…

We propose a novel method that leverages sparse autoencoders (SAEs) and clustering techniques to analyze the internal token representations of large language models (LLMs) and guide generations in mathematical reasoning tasks. Our approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Daniel Zhao , Abhilash Shankarampeta , Lanxiang Hu , Tajana Rosing , Hao Zhang

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

We propose a pointwise inference algorithm for high-dimensional linear models with time-varying coefficients. The method is based on a novel combination of the nonparametric kernel smoothing technique and a Lasso bias-corrected ridge…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-17 Xiaohui Chen , Yifeng He

Test-time scaling improves the inference performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) but also incurs substantial computational costs. Although recent studies have reduced token consumption through dynamic self-consistency, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shiyu Ji , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

In the machine learning era, sparsity continues to attract significant interest due to the benefits it provides to learning models. Algorithms aiming to optimise the \(\ell_0\)- and \(\ell_1\)-norm are the common choices to achieve…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-25 Perla Mayo , Robin Holmes , Alin Achim

Diffusion models have recently shown strong potential in language modeling, offering faster generation compared to traditional autoregressive approaches. However, applying supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to diffusion models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guowei Xu , Wenxin Xu , Jiawang Zhao , Kaisheng Ma

Diffusion Transformers, particularly for video generation, achieve remarkable quality but suffer from quadratic attention complexity, leading to prohibitive latency. Existing acceleration methods face a fundamental trade-off: dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Dor Shmilovich , Tony Wu , Aviad Dahan , Yuval Domb