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High-quality prompts are crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve exceptional performance. However, manually crafting effective prompts is labor-intensive and demands significant domain expertise, limiting its scalability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zheng Dong , Luming Shang , Gabriela Olinto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of educational tasks, but are still understudied for their potential to solve mathematical problems. In this study, we compare three prominent LLMs, including GPT-4o,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruonan Wang , Runxi Wang , Yunwen Shen , Chengfeng Wu , Qinglin Zhou , Rohitash Chandra

Recent progress in large language models has made them increasingly capable research assistants in mathematics. Yet, as their reasoning abilities improve, evaluating their mathematical competence becomes increasingly challenging. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Adil Salim

In this paper we summarize the results of the Putnam-like benchmark published by Google DeepMind. This dataset consists of 96 original problems in the spirit of the Putnam Competition and 576 solutions generated by LLMs. We analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bartosz Bieganowski , Daniel Strzelecki , Robert Skiba , Mateusz Topolewski

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the scientific ecosystem raises fundamental questions about the creativity and originality of AI-generated research. Recent work has identified ``smart plagiarism'' as a concern in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Devesh Saraogi , Rohit Singhee , Dhruv Kumar

We present \textbf{QED}, an open-source multi-agent system that turns human-provided research questions into complete mathematical proofs without further human guidance. Its pipeline is designed to overcome common failures of single-query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chenyang An , Qihao Ye , Minghao Pan , Jiayaun Zhang

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have reopened the question about the boundaries of AI autonomy, particularly in discussions around artificial general intelligence and its potential to act independently across varied purposes.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Vincenzo Calderonio

In the trajectory planning of automated driving, data-driven statistical artificial intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly established for predicting the emergent behavior of other road users. While these methods achieve exceptional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Lars Ullrich , Zurab Mujirishvili , Knut Graichen

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth

This paper explores the relationship of artificial intelligence to the task of resolving open questions in mathematics. We first present an updated version of a traditional argument that limitative results from computability and complexity…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-08 Walter Dean , Alberto Naibo

The AAA algorithm, introduced in 2018, computes best or near-best rational approximations to functions or data on subsets of the real line or the complex plane. It is much faster and more robust than previous algorithms for such problems…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Yuji Nakatsukasa , Olivier Sete , Lloyd N. Trefethen

Automated theorem provers and formal proof assistants are general reasoning systems that are in theory capable of proving arbitrarily hard theorems, thus solving arbitrary problems reducible to mathematics and logical reasoning. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lasse Blaauwbroek , David Cerna , Thibault Gauthier , Jan Jakubův , Cezary Kaliszyk , Martin Suda , Josef Urban

Many challenging reasoning tasks require not just rapid, intuitive responses, but a more deliberate, multi-step approach. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) highlights an important shift from the "System 1" way of quick…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Guizhen Chen , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Lidong Bing , Deli Zhao , Anh Tuan Luu , Yu Rong

Drori et al. (2022) report that "A neural network solves, explains, and generates university math problems by program synthesis and few-shot learning at human level ... [It] automatically answers 81\% of university-level mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Ernest Davis

OpenAI and DeepMind's AIs recently got gold at the IMO math olympiad and ICPC programming competition. We show frontier AI is similarly good at hacking by letting GPT-5 compete in elite CTF cybersecurity competitions. In one of this year's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Reworr , Artem Petrov , Dmitrii Volkov

Current embodied VLM evaluation relies on static, expert-defined, manually annotated benchmarks that exhibit severe redundancy and coverage imbalance. This labor intensive paradigm drains computational and annotation resources, inflates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shuai Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Zijie Chen , Zeyuan Ding , Yi Zhang , Yingji Zhang , Ziyi Zhou , Junwei Liao , Shengjie Zhou , Yong Dai , Zhenzhong Lan , Xiaozhu Ju

Accurate auto-formalization of theorem statements is essential for advancing automated discovery and verification of research-level mathematics, yet remains a major bottleneck for LLMs due to hallucinations, semantic mismatches, and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanyu Wang , Ruohan Xie , Yutong Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Xintao Yu , Bin Dong

Human-AI complementarity, the idea that combining human and AI judgments can outperform either alone, offers a promising pathway toward robust oversight of advanced AI systems. However, whether human-AI complementarity can be achieved on…

We systematically investigate all 25 public ARC-AGI-3 games and find that every one is reachable through non-intelligent strategies: 10 in a single blind step, 5 after one probing action, 1 via repeated ACTION1 presses, 1 via diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Liew Keong Han

Generative search engines and deep research LLM agents promise trustworthy, source-grounded synthesis, yet users regularly encounter overconfidence, weak sourcing, and confusing citation practices. We introduce DeepTRACE, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Philippe Laban , Yilun Zhou , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Yixin Mao , Chien-Sheng Wu