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This study introduces bifurcated attention, a method designed to enhance language model inference in shared-context batch decoding scenarios. Our approach addresses the challenge of redundant memory IO costs, a critical factor contributing…

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

Long-context processing is a critical ability that constrains the applicability of large language models (LLMs). Although there exist various methods devoted to enhancing the long-context processing ability of LLMs, they are developed in an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Junjie Fang , Likai Tang , Hongzhe Bi , Yujia Qin , Si Sun , Zhenyu Li , Haolun Li , Yongjian Li , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin , Yukun Yan , Xiaodong Shi , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Our formulation reveals that the reduction across the sequence axis can be efficiently computed in parallel through a tree reduction. Our algorithm, called Tree Attention, for parallelizing exact attention computation across multiple GPUs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Vasudev Shyam , Jonathan Pilault , Emily Shepperd , Quentin Anthony , Beren Millidge

We present context parallelism for long-context large language model inference, which achieves near-linear scaling for long-context prefill latency with up to 128 H100 GPUs across 16 nodes. Particularly, our method achieves 1M context…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Amy Yang , Jingyi Yang , Aya Ibrahim , Xinfeng Xie , Bangsheng Tang , Grigory Sizov , Jeremy Reizenstein , Jongsoo Park , Jianyu Huang

The proliferation of long-context large language models (LLMs) exposes a key bottleneck: the rapidly expanding key-value cache during decoding, which imposes heavy memory and latency costs. While recent approaches attempt to alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Gang Lin , Dongfang Li , Zhuoen Chen , Yukun Shi , Xuhui Chen , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Long context fine-tuning of large language models(LLMs) involves training on datasets that are predominantly composed of short sequences and a small proportion of longer sequences. However, existing approaches overlook this long-tail…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiulong Yuan , Hongtao Xu , Wenting Shen , Ang Wang , Xiafei Qiu , Jie Zhang , Yuqiong Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Pipeline parallelism is an essential technique in the training of large-scale Transformer models. However, it suffers from imbalanced memory consumption, leading to insufficient memory utilization. The BPipe technique was proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Mincong Huang , Chao Wang , Chi Ma , Yineng Zhang , Peng Zhang , Lei Yu

In this paper, we demonstrate that an inherent waveform pattern in the attention allocation of large language models (LLMs) significantly affects their performance in tasks demanding a high degree of context awareness, such as utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yuhan Chen , Ang Lv , Ting-En Lin , Changyu Chen , Yuchuan Wu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Rui Yan

This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Manaal Faruqui , Siddharth Gopal

The computational challenges of Large Language Model (LLM) inference remain a significant barrier to their widespread deployment, especially as prompt lengths continue to increase. Due to the quadratic complexity of the attention…

Existing sparse attention methods primarily target inference-time acceleration by selecting critical tokens under predefined sparsity patterns. However, they often fail to bridge the training-inference gap and lack the capacity for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Feng Chen , Yefei He , Shaoxuan He , Yuanyu He , Jing Liu , Lequan Lin , Akide Liu , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Zhenbang Sun , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in numerous domains but often struggle to process lengthy inputs effectively and efficiently due to limited length generalization and attention's quadratic computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yi Lu , Xin Zhou , Wei He , Jun Zhao , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Modeling long sequences is crucial for various large-scale models; however, extending existing architectures to handle longer sequences presents significant technical and resource challenges. In this paper, we propose an efficient and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ning Wang , Zekun Li , Tongxin Bai , Guoqi Li

To help address the growing demand for ever-longer sequence lengths in transformer models, Liu et al. recently proposed Ring Attention, an exact attention algorithm capable of overcoming per-device memory bottle- necks by distributing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 William Brandon , Aniruddha Nrusimha , Kevin Qian , Zachary Ankner , Tian Jin , Zhiye Song , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated success across many benchmarks. However, they still exhibit limitations in long-context scenarios, primarily due to their short effective context length, quadratic computational complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Manlai Liang , Mandi Liu , Jiangzhou Ji , Huaijun Li , Haobo Yang , Yaohan He , Jinlong Li

Transformers are considered one of the most important deep learning models since 2018, in part because it establishes state-of-the-art (SOTA) records and could potentially replace existing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Despite the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Hongwu Peng , Shaoyi Huang , Shiyang Chen , Bingbing Li , Tong Geng , Ang Li , Weiwen Jiang , Wujie Wen , Jinbo Bi , Hang Liu , Caiwen Ding

Transformers have achieved success in both language and vision domains. However, it is prohibitively expensive to scale them to long sequences such as long documents or high-resolution images, because self-attention mechanism has quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chen Zhu , Wei Ping , Chaowei Xiao , Mohammad Shoeybi , Tom Goldstein , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Long-sequence processing is a critical capability for modern large language models. However, the self-attention mechanism in the standard Transformer architecture faces severe computational and memory bottlenecks when processing long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weilin Zhao , Zihan Zhou , Zhou Su , Chaojun Xiao , Yuxuan Li , Yanghao Li , Yudi Zhang , Weilun Zhao , Zhen Li , Yuxiang Huang , Ao Sun , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu