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This paper presents VQ-SGen, a novel algorithm for high-quality creative sketch generation. Recent approaches have framed the task as pixel-based generation either as a whole or part-by-part, neglecting the intrinsic and contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Jiawei Wang , Zhiming Cui , Changjian Li

Learning useful representations without supervision remains a key challenge in machine learning. In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful generative model that learns such discrete representations. Our model, the Vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Aaron van den Oord , Oriol Vinyals , Koray Kavukcuoglu

Despite significant advancements in human motion generation, current motion representations, typically formulated as discrete frame sequences, still face two critical limitations: (i) they fail to capture motion from a multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Zan Wang , Jingze Zhang , Yixin Chen , Baoxiong Jia , Wei Liang , Siyuan Huang

Discrete representation learning has shown promising results across various domains, including generation and understanding in image, speech and language. Inspired by these advances, we propose MuseTok, a tokenization method for symbolic…

Recent advances in image generation have achieved remarkable visual quality, while a fundamental challenge remains: Can image generation be controlled at the element level, enabling intuitive modifications such as adjusting shapes, altering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lanqing Guo , Xi Liu , Yufei Wang , Zhihao Li , Siyu Huang

Knowledge Graphs (KG) constitute a flexible representation of complex relationships between entities particularly useful for biomedical data. These KG, however, are very sparse with many missing edges (facts) and the visualisation of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-08 Armando Vieira

Vector Quantization (VQ) is an appealing model compression method to obtain a tiny model with less accuracy loss. While methods to obtain better codebooks and codes under fixed clustering dimensionality have been extensively studied,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zezhou Zhu , Yucong Zhou , Zhao Zhong

Large language models show great potential in unstructured data understanding, but still face significant challenges with graphs due to their structural hallucination. Existing approaches mainly either verbalize graphs into natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jingyao Wu , Bin Lu , Zijun Di , Xiaoying Gan , Meng Jin , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Vector Quantization (VQ) has recently emerged as a promising approach for learning discrete representations of graph-structured data. However, a fundamental challenge, i.e., codebook collapse, remains underexplored in the graph domain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zian Zhai , Fan Li , Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Wenjie Zhang

Symbolic Regression (SR) holds great potential for uncovering underlying mathematical and physical relationships from observed data. However, the vast combinatorial space of possible expressions poses significant challenges for both online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yuan Tian , Wenqi Zhou , Michele Viscione , Hao Dong , David Kammer , Olga Fink

Symbolic Regression (SR) holds great potential for uncovering underlying mathematical and physical relationships from observed data. However, the vast combinatorial space of possible expressions poses significant challenges for both online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yuan Tian , Wenqi Zhou , Michele Viscione , Hao Dong , David Kammer , Olga Fink

Vector Quantization (VQ) is essential for discretizing continuous representations in unsupervised learning but suffers from representation collapse, causing low codebook utilization and limiting scalability. Existing solutions often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yongxin Zhu , Bocheng Li , Yifei Xin , Zhihua Xia , Linli Xu

Discrete image tokenizers have emerged as a key component of modern vision and multimodal systems, providing a sequential interface for transformer-based architectures. However, most existing approaches remain primarily optimized for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Aram Davtyan , Yusuf Sahin , Yasaman Haghighi , Sebastian Stapf , Pablo Acuaviva , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

The use of topology for visualisation applications has become increasingly popular due to its ability to summarise data at a high level. Criticalities in scalar field data are used by visualisation methods such as the Reeb graph and contour…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-05-31 Dean P Thomas , Rita Borgo , Simon Hands

This paper introduces an incremental semantic mapping approach, with on-line unsupervised learning, based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) for robotic agents. The method includes a mapping module, which incrementally creates a topological map…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Ygor C. N. Sousa , Hansenclever F. Bassani

Vector quantization is common in deep models, yet its hard assignments block gradients and hinder end-to-end training. We propose DiVeQ, which treats quantization as adding an error vector that mimics the quantization distortion, keeping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mohammad Hassan Vali , Tom Bäckström , Arno Solin

Many diffusion based molecule generation methods ignore the symbolic information of molecules and represent the atom and bond type as one hot representation. Methods based on Morgan fingerprints produce hash collisions and are hard to embed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Farshad Noravesh , Reza Haffari , Layki Soon , Arghya Pal

This paper adopts and adapts Kohonen's standard Self-Organizing Map (SOM) for exploratory temporal structure analysis. The Self-Organizing Time Map (SOTM) implements SOM-type learning to one-dimensional arrays for individual time units,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Peter Sarlin

We present Temporal and Object Quantification Networks (TOQ-Nets), a new class of neuro-symbolic networks with a structural bias that enables them to learn to recognize complex relational-temporal events. This is done by including reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Jiayuan Mao , Zhezheng Luo , Chuang Gan , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu , Leslie Pack Kaelbling , Tomer D. Ullman

Semantic communication (SemCom) significantly reduces redundant data and improves transmission efficiency by extracting the latent features of information. However, most of the conventional deep learning-based SemCom systems focus on analog…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Ming Lyu , Hao Chen , Dan Wang , Chen Qiu , Guangyin Feng , Nan Ma , Xiaodong Xu