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Related papers: Rethinking Clause Management for CDCL SAT Solvers

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All-Solution Satisfiability (AllSAT) and its extension, All-Solution Satisfiability Modulo Theories (AllSMT), have become more relevant in recent years, mainly in formal verification and artificial intelligence applications. The goal of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giuseppe Spallitta , Roberto Sebastiani , Armin Biere

Symmetry and dominance breaking can be crucial for solving hard combinatorial search and optimisation problems, but the correctness of these techniques sometimes relies on subtle arguments. For this reason, it is desirable to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Bart Bogaerts , Stephan Gocht , Ciaran McCreesh , Jakob Nordström

A new framework for presenting and analyzing the functionality of a modern DLL-based SAT solver is proposed. Our approach exploits the inherent relation between backtracking and resolution. We show how to derive the algorithm of a modern…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-10-27 Nachum Dershowitz , Alexander Nadel

In this project, we aimed to improve the runtime of Minisat, a Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solver that solves the Propositional Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem. We first used a logistic regression model to predict the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Haoze Wu

The Model-Constructing Satisfiability Calculus (MCSAT) framework has been applied to SMT problems over various arithmetic theories. NLSAT, an implementation using cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) for explanation, is especially…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhonghan Wang

In this paper we investigate how to estimate the hardness of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) encodings for the Logical Equivalence Checking problem (LEC). Meaningful estimates of hardness are important in cases when a conventional SAT solver…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Alexander Semenov , Konstantin Chukharev , Egor Tarasov , Daniil Chivilikhin , Viktor Kondratiev

Efficient implementations of DPLL with the addition of clause learning are the fastest complete Boolean satisfiability solvers and can handle many significant real-world problems, such as verification, planning and design. Despite its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 P. Beame , H. Kautz , A. Sabharwal

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) are widely used in automated verification, but there is a lack of interactive tools designed for educational purposes in this field. To address this gap, we present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yiqi Zhao , Ziyan An , Meiyi Ma , Taylor Johnson

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) is a well-known NP-complete problem. Despite this theoretical hardness, SAT solvers based on Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) can solve large SAT instances from many important domains. CDCL learns clauses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Md Solimul Chowdhury , Martin Müller , Jia You

This paper describes diff-SAT, an Answer Set and SAT solver which combines regular solving with the capability to use probabilistic clauses, facts and rules, and to sample an optimal world-view (multiset of satisfying Boolean variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthias Nickles

This article introduces SatHyS (SAT HYbrid Solver), a novel hybrid approach for propositional satisfiability. It combines local search and conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) scheme. Each time the local search part reaches a local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-10-08 Gilles Audenard , Jean-Marie Lagniez , Bertrand Mazure , Lakhdar Saïs

Our work presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based framework to optimize heuristic selection within the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) process, improving the efficiency of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Muyu Pan , Matthew Walter , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

Pseudo-Boolean constraints are omnipresent in practical applications, and thus a significant effort has been devoted to the development of good SAT encoding techniques for them. Some of these encodings first construct a Binary Decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-24 Ignasi Abío , Robert Nieuwenhuis , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodriguez-Carbonell , Valentin Mayer-Eichberger

MaxSAT is an optimization version of the famous NP-complete Satisfiability problem (SAT). Algorithms for MaxSAT mainly include complete solvers and local search incomplete solvers. In many complete solvers, once a better solution is found,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Jiongzhi Zheng , Zhuo Chen , Chu-Min Li , Kun He

We offer a new understanding of some aspects of practical SAT-solvers that are based on DPLL with unit-clause propagation, clause-learning, and restarts. We do so by analyzing a concrete algorithm which we claim is faithful to what…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Albert Atserias , Johannes Klaus Fichte , Marc Thurley

Constrained-random simulation is the predominant approach used in the industry for functional verification of complex digital designs. The effectiveness of this approach depends on two key factors: the quality of constraints used to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-26 Supratik Chakraborty , Kuldeep S. Meel , Moshe Y. Vardi

Boolean satisfiability is a propositional logic problem of interest in multiple fields, e.g., physics, mathematics, and computer science. Beyond a field of research, instances of the SAT problem, as it is known, require efficient solution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-11-13 S. R. B. Bearden , Y. R. Pei , M. Di Ventra

Applying pre- and inprocessing techniques to simplify CNF formulas both before and during search can considerably improve the performance of modern SAT solvers. These algorithms mostly aim at reducing the number of clauses, literals, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-18 Andreas Wotzlaw , Alexander van der Grinten , Ewald Speckenmeyer

Local search preprocessing makes Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solvers faster by providing high-quality starting points and modern SAT solvers have incorporated this technique into their preprocessing steps. However, these tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 André Schidler , Stefan Szeider

Over the past several decades, CDCL SAT solvers have proven remarkably effective on large industrial formulas, despite SAT being NP-complete and widely believed to be intractable. While considerable empirical research has been done on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shimin Zhang , Yechuan Xia , Chunxiao Li , Jianwen Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Vijay Ganesh