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In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), alignment has emerged as a fundamental yet challenging problem in the pursuit of more reliable, controllable, and capable machine intelligence. The recent success of reasoning models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technology has expanded knowledge in the area, bringing to light new problems and challenges that require solutions. Furthermore, because the technology allows processes usually carried…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Cristian Millán-Arias , Ruben Contreras , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes

Humans are masters at quickly learning many complex tasks, relying on an approximate understanding of the dynamics of their environments. In much the same way, we would like our learning agents to quickly adapt to new tasks. In this paper,…

Providing a suitable reward function to reinforcement learning can be difficult in many real world applications. While inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) holds promise for automatically learning reward functions from demonstrations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Lantao Yu , Tianhe Yu , Chelsea Finn , Stefano Ermon

The recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated progress toward true intelligence requiring robust reasoning capabilities. Beyond pattern recognition, linguistic reasoning must integrate with visual comprehension,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yunfei Bai , Amit Dhanda , Shekhar Jain

Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

Effectively retrieving, reasoning and understanding visually rich information remains a challenge for RAG methods. Traditional text-based methods cannot handle visual-related information. On the other hand, current vision-based RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Feng Zhao

Reinforcement learning with AI feedback (RLAIF) is a popular paradigm for improving the instruction-following abilities of powerful pre-trained language models. RLAIF first performs supervised fine-tuning (SFT) using demonstrations from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Archit Sharma , Sedrick Keh , Eric Mitchell , Chelsea Finn , Kushal Arora , Thomas Kollar

Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) have enabled robot agents to accomplish complex tasks. Reward Machines (RMs) enhance RL's capability to train policies over extended time horizons by structuring high-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Mattijs Baert , Sam Leroux , Pieter Simoens

Interactive multimodal agents must convert raw visual observations into coherent sequences of language-conditioned actions -- a capability that current vision-language models (VLMs) still lack. Earlier reinforcement-learning (RL) efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 George Bredis , Stanislav Dereka , Viacheslav Sinii , Ruslan Rakhimov , Daniil Gavrilov

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and LLaMA encounter limitations in domain-specific tasks, with these models often lacking depth and accuracy in specialized areas, and exhibiting a decrease in general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Chen Zheng , Ke Sun , Da Tang , Yukun Ma , Yuyu Zhang , Chenguang Xi , Xun Zhou

The inherent uncertainty in the environmental transition model of Reinforcement Learning (RL) necessitates a delicate balance between exploration and exploitation. This balance is crucial for optimizing computational resources to accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yongxin Deng , Xihe Qiu , Jue Chen , Xiaoyu Tan

Recent advances in Large Language Models(LLMs) have enabled strong performance in long-form writing, but current training paradigms remain limited: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) remains constrained by data saturation and performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xuanyu Lei , Chenliang Li , Yuning Wu , Kaiming Liu , Weizhou Shen , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Fei Huang , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in tasks like question answering and dialogue, but complex tasks requiring interaction, such as negotiation and persuasion, require additional long-horizon reasoning and planning. Reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Joey Hong , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a rapidly growing area of machine learning that finds its application in a broad range of domains, from finance and healthcare to robotics and gaming. Compared to other machine learning techniques, RL agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Geetansh Kalra , Divye Singh , Justin Jose

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, enabling language agents to excel at single-turn tasks. However, their application to complex, multi-step, and long-horizon tasks remains challenging. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiazheng Li , Yawei Wang , David Yan , Yijun Tian , Zhichao Xu , Huan Song , Panpan Xu , Lin Lee Cheong

We provide a framework for accelerating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms by heuristics constructed from domain knowledge or offline data. Tabula rasa RL algorithms require environment interactions or computation that scales with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Adith Swaminathan

Training intelligent agents to navigate highly interactive environments presents significant challenges. While guided meta reinforcement learning (RL) approach that first trains a guiding policy to train the ego agent has proven effective…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mansur Arief , Mike Timmerman , Jiachen Li , David Isele , Mykel J Kochenderfer

Acquiring complex behaviors is essential for artificially intelligent agents, yet learning these behaviors in high-dimensional settings poses a significant challenge due to the vast search space. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mert Albaba , Sammy Christen , Thomas Langarek , Christoph Gebhardt , Otmar Hilliges , Michael J. Black