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Reconfigurable intelligent surface is a potential technology component of future wireless networks due to its capability of shaping the wireless environment. The promising MIMO systems in terms of extended coverage and enhanced capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Paulo R. B. Gomes , Gilderlan T. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida , Behrooz Makki , Gábor Fodor

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)s enhance wave manipulation through inter-element couplings but pose significant channel estimation challenges due to cascaded channels and block-Kronecker structures. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Daniel Costa Araújo , André L. F. de Almeida

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted significant attention as a recently proposed RIS architecture. Owing to its capability to amplify the incident signals, active RIS can mitigate the multiplicative fading effect…

The upper mid-band (UMB) spectrum is a key enabler for 6G systems, yet reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted UMB communications face severe channel estimation challenges due to near-field propagation and transitional scattering,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Jeongjae Lee , Chanwon Kim , Songnam Hong

This paper studies multi-operator wireless communication systems aided by general reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), including both conventional single-connected RIS and beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS). Specifically, we consider a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be used to improve the channel gain between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), but only if its $N$ reflecting elements are configured properly. This requires accurate estimation of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced as a remedy for mitigating frequent blockages in millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication networks. However, perfect or nearly perfect…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Rafaela Schroeder , Jiguang He , Markku Juntti

For downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operating in time-division duplex protocol, users can decode the signals effectively by only utilizing the channel statistics as long as channel hardening holds. However, in a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Tung T. Vu , Trinh Van Chien , Canh T. Dinh , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

This paper proposes a general optimization framework for rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) in beyond diagonal (BD) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) systems. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Mohammad Soleymani , Ignacio Santamaria , Eduard Jorswieck , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) improves the traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture functionality by interconnecting elements for advanced wave control. However, real-world…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Jose Carlos da Silva Filho , Josué V. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) can be crucial in next-generation communication systems. However, designing the {RIS} phases according to the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) can be challenging in practice due to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Athira Subhash , Abla Kammoun , Ahmed Elzanaty , Sheetal Kalyani , Yazan H. Al-Badarneh , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In this letter, we study the beamforming design for channel estimation of multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS)-aided multi-user communications that supports simultaneous signal reflection, refraction, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Zaihao Pan , Wen Wang , Gaofeng Nie , Ailing Zheng , Wanli Ni

This work studies the net sum-rate performance of a distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-assisted multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MISO) downlink communication system under imperfect instantaneous-channel state…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-10 Bayan Al-Nahhas , Qurrat-UI-Ain Nadeem , Aryan Kaushik , Anas Chaaban

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a holographic MIMO surface composed of a large number of passive elements that can induce adjustable phase shifts to the impinging waves. By creating virtual line-of-sight (LOS) paths between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-06 Mehdi Haghshenas , Parisa Ramezani , Maurizio Magarini , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been explored as a supportive technology for wireless communication since around 2019. While the literature highlights the potential of RIS in different modern applications, two key issues have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Daniel C. Alcantara , Daniel V. C. de Oliveira , Gilderlan T. de Araújo , Paulo R. B. Gomes , André L. F. de Almeida

In the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted communication systems, the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is a crucial impediment for achieving the passive beamforming gain of IRS because of the considerable overhead…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Zhaorui Wang , Liang Liu , Shuguang Cui

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology in wireless communications, offering unprecedented control over signal propagation. This study focuses on passive beyond diagonal reconfigurable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Ainna Yue Moreno-Locubiche , Josep Vidal

This works explores the correlation between channels in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication systems. In this type of system, an RIS made up of many passive elements with adjustable phases reflects the transmitter's…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Kuang-Hao , Liu

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been implemented so far with diagonal RIS (D-RIS), while SIM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx