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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

In the realm of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication systems, the connection between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) is formed by a cascaded channel, merging the BS-RIS and RIS-UE channels. Due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Yiming Cui , Jiajia Guo , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed recently as new technology to tune the wireless propagation channels in real-time. However, most of the current works assume single-RIS (S-RIS)-aided systems, which can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Khaled Ardah , Sepideh Gherekhloo , André L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is considered as an energy-efficient solution for future wireless communication networks due to its fast and low-cost configuration. In this letter, we consider the estimation of cascaded channels in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-25 Mengbing Liu , Xin Li , Boyu Ning , Chongwen Huang , Sumei Sun , Chau Yuen

We consider the problem of channel estimation and joint active and passive beamforming for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Xi Zheng , Jun Fang , Hongwei Wang , Peilan Wang , Hongbin Li

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a novel branch of RIS which breaks through the limitation of traditional RIS with diagonal scattering matrices. However, the existing research focuses on BD-RIS with fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Channel estimation is a practical challenge for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided wireless communication. As the number of IRS reflecting elements or IRS-aided users increases, the channel training overhead becomes excessively…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Xinrong Guan , Qingqing Wu , Rui Zhang

A significant increase in the number of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) elements results in a spherical wavefront in the near field of extremely large-scale RIS (XL-RIS). Although the channel matrix of the cascaded two-hop link may…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Zixing Tang , Yuanbin Chen , Ying Wang , Tianqi Mao , Qingqing Wu , Marco Di Renzo , Lajos Hanzo

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is envisioned to be a promising green technology to reduce the energy consumption and improve the coverage and spectral efficiency of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless networks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zhen-Qing He , Hang Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang , Ying-Chang Liang

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are eminently suitable for improving the reliability of wireless communications by jointly designing the active beamforming at the base station (BS) and the passive beamforming at the RIS.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Ibrahim Hemadeh , Arman Shojaeifard , Lajos Hanzo

In this paper, we investigate the channel estimation challenge in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field communication systems. Current channel estimation techniques require substantial pilot overhead and computational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Jeongjae Lee , Songnam Hong

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) have recently gained attention as an enhancement to conventional RISs. BD-RISs allow optimizing not only the phase, but also the amplitude responses of their discrete surface…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Atso Iivanainen , Robin Rajamäki , Visa Koivunen

Due to the passive nature of Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), channel estimation is a fundamental challenge in IRS-aided wireless networks. Particularly, as the number of IRS reflecting elements and/or that of IRS-served users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Xinrong Guan , Qingqing Wu , Rui Zhang

This work studies the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided wireless communication systems in the presence of mutual coupling among the RIS elements. Specifically, we first derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Marco Di Renzo , Bruno Clerckx

Accurate estimation of the cascaded channel from a user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS) via each reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) element is critical to realizing the full potential of the RIS's ability to control the overall…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) is one of the most promising technologies for the fifth generation and beyond wireless communication system. However, a large number of antennas incur high power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Ruizhe Wang , Hong Ren , Cunhua Pan , Jun Fang , Mianxiong Dong , Octavia A. Dobre

Continuous efforts have been devoted to integrate millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands into future communication standards in order to overcome the bandwidth shortage problem and achieve high data rates, primarily through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Sung Hyuck Hong , Junil Choi

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) generalizes the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable inter-element connections, offering enhanced wave manipulation capabilities. However, realizing the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Yiyang Peng , Binggui Zhou , Yutong Zheng , Danilo Mandic , Bruno Clerckx

Channel estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems is challenging as pilots cannot be decoded at or transmitted from a RIS with only passive elements. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-22 Battu Deepak , R. S. Prasobh Sankar , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

To reap the benefits of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), channel state information (CSI) is generally required. However, CSI acquisition in RIS systems is challenging and often results in very large pilot overhead, especially in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Ly V. Nguyen , A. Lee Swindlehurst