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Symbolic Regression (SR) is a type of regression analysis to automatically find the mathematical expression that best fits the data. Currently, SR still basically relies on various searching strategies so that a sample-specific model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Jiachen Li , Ye Yuan , Hong-Bin Shen

The mathematical formula is the human language to describe nature and is the essence of scientific research. Finding mathematical formulas from observational data is a major demand of scientific research and a major challenge of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Yanjie Li , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Jingyi Liu , Wenqiang Li , Meilan Hao , Shu Wei , Yusong Deng

In symbolic regression, the goal is to find an analytical expression that accurately fits experimental data with the minimal use of mathematical symbols such as operators, variables, and constants. However, the combinatorial space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Tommaso Bendinelli , Luca Biggio , Pierre-Alexandre Kamienny

We propose an approach to symbolic regression based on a novel variational autoencoder for generating hierarchical structures, HVAE. It combines simple atomic units with shared weights to recursively encode and decode the individual nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Sebastian Mežnar , Sašo Džeroski , Ljupčo Todorovski

Recent advances in Deep Learning and probabilistic modeling have led to strong improvements in generative models for images. On the one hand, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have contributed a highly effective adversarial learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Yang He , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz

Identifying low-dimensional sufficient structures in nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) has long been a fundamental yet challenging problem. Most existing methods lack theoretical guarantees of exhaustiveness in identifying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-23 Shuntuo Xu , Zhou Yu , Jian Huang

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover mathematical expressions from data, a task traditionally tackled using Genetic Programming (GP) through combinatorial search over symbolic structures. Latent Space Optimization (LSO) methods use…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Benjamin Léger , Kazem Meidani , Christian Gagné

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to find symbolic expressions that describe datasets. Due to its inherent interpretability, is a powerful paradigm for scientific discovery. Recent advances have expanded SR to describe related phenomena using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Viktor Martinek , Roland Herzog

Symbolic regression is the process of identifying mathematical expressions that fit observed output from a black-box process. It is a discrete optimization problem generally believed to be NP-hard. Prior approaches to solving the problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Mikel Landajuela , Ruben Glatt , Claudio P. Santiago , Daniel M. Faissol , Brenden K. Petersen

Symbolic regression (SR) models complex systems by discovering mathematical expressions that capture underlying relationships in observed data. However, most SR methods prioritize minimizing prediction error over identifying the governing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Giorgio Morales , John W. Sheppard

Symbolic regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering the underlying mathematical expressions from observed data. Inspired by the success of deep learning, recent deep generative SR methods have shown promising results. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wenqiang Li , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Linjun Sun , Jingyi Liu , Yanjie Li , Shu Wei , Yusong Deng , Meilan Hao

Neural networks are predominantly trained using gradient-based methods, yet in many applications their final predictions remain far from the accuracy attainable within the model's expressive capacity. We introduce Linearized Subspace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Many recent methods of zero-shot learning (ZSL) attempt to utilize generative model to generate the unseen visual samples from semantic descriptions and random noise. Therefore, the ZSL problem becomes a traditional supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Shibing Xu , Zishu Gao , Guojun Xie

In compressed sensing, a small number of linear measurements can be used to reconstruct an unknown signal. Existing approaches leverage assumptions on the structure of these signals, such as sparsity or the availability of a generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-02 Manik Dhar , Aditya Grover , Stefano Ermon

Symbolic Regression (SR) plays a central role in scientific knowledge discovery by distilling mathematical equations from observational data. Most existing SR methods function within a bi-level optimization framework: an outer loop that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Boxiao Wang , Kai Li , Zhiwei Chen , Yang Huang , Runxiang Wang , Ziwen Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a pivotal technique for uncovering the intrinsic information within data and enhancing the interpretability of AI models. However, current state-of-the-art (sota) SR methods struggle to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Chenglu Sun , Shuo Shen , Wenzhi Tao , Deyi Xue , Zixia Zhou

Symbolic Regression tries to find a mathematical expression that describes the relationship of a set of explanatory variables to a measured variable. The main objective is to find a model that minimizes the error and, optionally, that also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca

Mathematical formulas serve as a language through which humans communicate with nature. Discovering mathematical laws from scientific data to describe natural phenomena has been a long-standing pursuit of humanity for centuries. In the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yanjie Li , Liping Zhang , Min Wu , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Jingyi Liu , Yusong Deng , Mingzhu Wan , Xin Ning

Vertical Symbolic Regression (VSR) recently has been proposed to expedite the discovery of symbolic equations with many independent variables from experimental data. VSR reduces the search spaces following the vertical discovery path by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Nan Jiang , Md Nasim , Yexiang Xue

Interpretable regression models are important for many application domains, as they allow experts to understand relations between variables from sparse data. Symbolic regression addresses this issue by searching the space of all possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Marcus Märtens , Dario Izzo