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Federated learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning paradigm, which enables deep learning model training over a large volume of decentralized data residing in mobile devices without accessing clients' private data. Driven by the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Lintao Li , Longwei Yang , Xin Guo , Yuanming Shi , Haiming Wang , Wei Chen , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy, yet it struggles with data heterogeneity, where clients' data are not distributed independently and identically (non-IID). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Incheol Baek , Hyungbin Kim , Minseo Kim , Yon Dohn Chung

Collaboratively fine-tuning (FT) large language models (LLMs) over heterogeneous mobile devices fosters immense potential applications of personalized intelligence. However, such a vision faces critical system challenges. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xingke Yang , Liang Li , Sicong Li , Liwei Guan , Hao Wang , Xiaoqi Qi , Jiang Liu , Xin Fu , Miao Pan

To address the communication burden and privacy concerns associated with the centralized server in Federated Learning (FL), Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) has emerged, which discards the server with a peer-to-peer (P2P)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Qinglun Li , Miao Zhang , Nan Yin , Quanjun Yin , Li Shen

Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized framework for training and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging computational resources across organizations while keeping sensitive data on local devices. It addresses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational plasticity required for high-entropy knowledge injection, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haozhan Tang , Xiuqi Zhu , Xinyin Zhang , Boxun Li , Virginia Smith , Kevin Kuo

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm for enabling edge learning with distributed data while ensuring data privacy. However, the traditional FL with deep neural networks trained via backpropagation can hardly meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jierui Zhang , Jianhao Huang , Kaibin Huang

Fine-tuning large language models requires high computational and memory resources, and is therefore associated with significant costs. When training on federated datasets, an increased communication effort is also needed. For this reason,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Evelyn Trautmann , Ian Hales , Martin F. Volk

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for foundation models, but it suffers from parameter interference, resulting in suboptimal performance. Although Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based LoRA variants…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Heming Zou , Yunliang Zang , Wutong Xu , Yao Zhu , Xiangyang Ji

In federated learning, fine-tuning pre-trained foundation models poses significant challenges, particularly regarding high communication cost and suboptimal model performance due to data heterogeneity between the clients. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yongle Li , Bo Liu , Sheng Huang , ZHeng ZHang , Xiaotong Yuan , Richang Hong

By leveraging deep learning based technologies, the data-driven based approaches have reached great success with the rapid increase of data generated of Industrial Indernet of Things(IIot). However, security and privacy concerns are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Zhao Wang , Yifan Hu , Jun Xiao , Chao Wu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained clients remains a challenging problem. Recent works have fused low-rank adaptation (LoRA) techniques with federated fine-tuning to mitigate challenges associated with client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative machine learning by training models on local datasets, and subsequently aggregating these local models at a central server. However, the frequent exchange of model parameters between clients…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Liwei Wang , Jun Li , Wen Chen , Qingqing Wu , Ming Ding

The explosive growth of smart devices (e.g., mobile phones, vehicles, drones) with sensing, communication, and computation capabilities gives rise to an unprecedented amount of data. The generated massive data together with the rapid…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Haibo Zhou , Jingjing Wang , Liqun Fu , Yang Yang

Recently, federated learning (FL) has received intensive research because of its ability in preserving data privacy for scattered clients to collaboratively train machine learning models. Commonly, a parameter server (PS) is deployed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dongyuan Su , Yipeng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most popular task-specific parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods on pre-trained language models for its good performance and computational efficiency. LoRA injects a product of two trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Youbang Sun , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

Federated learning (FL) enables wireless terminals to collaboratively learn a shared parameter model while keeping all the training data on devices per se. Parameter sharing consists of synchronous and asynchronous ways: the former…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haihui Xie , Minghua Xia , Peiran Wu , Shuai Wang , Kaibin Huang

Advanced researches on connected vehicles have recently targeted to the integration of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks with Machine Learning (ML) tools and distributed decision making. Federated learning (FL) is emerging as a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Xiaoyan Liu , Zehui Dong , Zhiwei Xu , Siyuan Liu , Jie Tian

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers an efficient alternative to full-weight adaptation in federated fine-tuning of language models, significantly reducing computational costs. By adjusting ranks for each client, federated LoRA enables…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuji Byun , Jaeho Lee

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that allows multiple users to train models utilizing their local data in a distributed manner. However, considerable statistical heterogeneity in local data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Xinran Wang , Vahid Tarokh , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar