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The Fischer-Lynch-Paterson theorem (FLP) says that it is impossible for processes in an asynchronous distributed system to achieve consensus on a binary value when a single process can fail; it is a widely cited theoretical result about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Robert Constable

We demonstrate termination of binary consensus under the model and conditions used by Fischer, Lynch, and Patterson (FLP) to prove impossibility of binary agreement - in complete asynchrony and a possible process crash - in two steps.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Ivan Klianev

The famous Fischer, Lynch, and Paterson impossibility proof shows that it is impossible to solve the consensus problem in a natural model of an asynchronous distributed system if even a single process can fail. Since its publication, two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 James Aspnes

This work addresses the complexities involved in designing distributed quantum algorithms, highlighting that quantum entanglement does not bypass the Fischer-Lynch-Paterson (FLP) impossibility theorem in asynchronous networks. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Chandrashekar Radhakrishnan , Yuhang Zheng , Olivier Marin

The classic Fischer, Lynch, and Paterson impossibility proof demonstrates that any deterministic protocol for consensus in either a message-passing or shared-memory system must violate at least one of termination, validity, or agreement in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 James Aspnes , Shlomi Dolev , Amit Hendin

The CAP theorem is routinely treated as a systems law: under network partition, a replicated service must sacrifice either consistency or availability. The theorem is correct within its standard asynchronous network model, but operational…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Paul Borrill

The foundational impossibility results of distributed computing -- the Fischer-Lynch-Paterson theorem, the Two Generals Problem, the CAP theorem -- are widely understood as discoveries about the physical limits of coordination. This paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Paul Borrill

The consensus problem, briefly stated, consists of having processes in an asynchronous distributed system agree on a value. It is widely known that the consensus problem does not have a deterministic solution that ensures both termination…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gabriel Rocha

The FLP result shows that crash-tolerant consensus is impossible to solve in asynchronous systems, and several solutions have been proposed for crash-tolerant consensus under alternative (stronger) models. One popular approach is to augment…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Nancy Lynch , Srikanth Sastry

This is the second of five papers comprising The Semantic Arrow of Time. Part I established that computing's arrow of time is semantic rather than thermodynamic, and that the Forward-In-Time-Only (FITO) assumption constitutes a category…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Paul Borrill

By providing the optimal operating point that satisfies both the power flow equations and engineering limits, the optimal power flow (OPF) problem is central to power systems operations. While extensive research has focused on computing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Katherine R. Davis , Daniel K. Molzahn

We demonstrate sufficiency of events-based synchronisation for solving deterministic fault-tolerant consensus in asynchrony. Main result is an algorithm that terminates with valid vector agreement, hence operates with safety, liveness, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ivan Klianev

This article unifies and generalizes fundamental results related to $n$-process asynchronous crash-prone distributed computing. More precisely, it proves that for every $0\leq k \leq n$, assuming that process failures occur only before the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Anaïs Durand , Michel Raynal , Gadi Taubenfeld

The massive integration of distributed energy resources changes the operational demands of the electric power distribution system, motivating optimization-based approaches. The added computational complexities of the resulting optimal power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Yunqi Luo , Rabayet Sadnan , Bala Krishnamoorthy , Anamika Dubey

Kahn Process Networks (KPNs) are a deterministic Model of Computation (MoC) for distributed systems. KPNs supports non-blocking writes and blocking reads, with the consequent assumption of unbounded buffers between processes. Variants such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Logan Kenwright , Partha Roop , Nathan Allen , Sanjay Lall , Calin Cascaval , Tammo Spalink , Martin Izzard

The ellipsoid algorithm is a fundamental algorithm for computing a solution to the system of $m$ linear inequalities in $n$ variables $(P): A^{\top}x \le u$ when its set of solutions has positive volume. However, when $(P)$ is infeasible,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Jourdain Lamperski , Robert M. Freund , Michael J. Todd

The idle computers on a local area, campus area, or even wide area network represent a significant computational resource---one that is, however, also unreliable, heterogeneous, and opportunistic. This type of resource has been used…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Adriana Iamnitchi , Ian Foster

A framework is proposed for the design and analysis of \emph{network-oblivious algorithms}, namely, algorithms that can run unchanged, yet efficiently, on a variety of machines characterized by different degrees of parallelism and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-15 Gianfranco Bilardi , Andrea Pietracaprina , Geppino Pucci , Michele Scquizzato , Francesco Silvestri

In the 1980s, three related impossibility results emerged in the field of distributed computing. First, Fischer, Lynch, and Paterson demonstrated that deterministic consensus is unattainable in an asynchronous message-passing system when a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Eli Gafni , Giuliano Losa

This paper studies a 2-class, 2-server parallel server system under the recently introduced extended heavy traffic condition, which states that the underlying 'static allocation' linear program (LP) is critical, but does not require that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Rami Atar , Eyal Castiel , Marty Reiman
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